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Главный редактор: И.С. Прохоров, к.с.-х.н.

Редакция: И.И. Прохорова (директор), М.А. Королькова, Н.В. Куроптева, М.В. Царева, к.с.-х.н.

Редколлегия: А.И. Беленков, д.с.-х.н., С.Л. Белопухов, д.с.-х.н., к.х.н., Н.М. Белоус, д.с.-х.н., Т.Ю. Бортник, д.с.-х.н., И.И. Дмитревская, д.с.-х.н., Л.А. Дорожкина, д.с.-х.н., А.А. Завалин, д.с.-х.н., С.Ю. Зайцев, д.б.н., д.х.н., А.Л. Иванов, д.б.н., Л.В. Кирейчева, д.т.н., А.В. Кураков, д.б.н., С.В. Лукин, д.с.-х.н., С.М. Лукин, д.б.н., М.Г. Мустафаев, д.с.-х.н. (Азербайджан), С.М. Надежкин, д.б.н., М.М. Овчаренко, д.с.-х.н., к.х.н., А.В. Пасынков, д.б.н., Т.Ф. Персикова, д.с.-х.н. (Беларусь), О.А. Подколзин, д.с.-х.н., Т.Р. Рыспеков (Казахстан), к.с.-х.н., Н.И. Санжарова, д.б.н., В.М. Семенов, д.б.н., В.И. Титова, д.с.-х.н., П.А. Чекмарев, д.с.-х.н., О.Х. Эргашева, к.б.н. (Узбекистан)

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Подписано в печать: 14.10.2016
Формат 60х90/8.

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Свидетельство № 011095.

AGROECOLOGY PROBLEMS

Restoration of anthropogenically degraded soils the agricultural lands

The analysis of the degradation in the zonal and provincial soils in the European part of Russia resulted in the indication of the most significant parameters of soil degradation are given. On the basis of the researches summarizing for soil fertility estimation using energy approach to the determination of the soil energy status through the ratio of the energy coefficient estimating energy losses according to the degree of soil degradation as well as the amount of organic matter which is necessary for its replenishment has been proposed. Special fertilizing-reclaiming mixtures on the base of sapropel and peat with mineral additives and special components to replenish energy losses and enhance the processes of humus formation, which have been tested in the field, are suggested.

Keywords: soil degradation, soil energetic condition approach, fertilizing-reclaiming mixtures, sapropel, fertility, humus formation.


Agroecological estimation of fallow lands in Chelyabinsk region

Materials of years of research abandoned (fallow) land agricultural land steppe zone of the Chelyabinsk region. One of the objectives of the article is the question of return to agricultural use of fertile soils of agricultural lands and their rational use. Introduction of untreated agricultural land in turn should be based on agrophysical and agrochemical indicators of soil, as well as the period of their stay in a derelict state.

Keywords: soil, fallow lands, fertility, soil density, plant communities, Chelyabinsk region.


Assessment and forecast of levels of 137Cs contamination of district of the Bryansk region which were affected from Chernobyl accident

The assessment of a modern radiological situation on agricultural lands of farms of six southwest districts of the Bryansk region which were the most affected from the Chernobyl accident is given. The long-term forecast of the change of the surface density of 137Cs contamination of the studied farms is made. The periods of time when radioactive decay will be reduced by decrease in density of 137Cs contamination of agricultural land of southwest districts of the Bryansk region to level less than 37 kBq/m2 (1 Ku/km2) are determined.

Keywords: Chernobyl NPP accident, radioactive contamination, farmland, forecasting, estimation, Bryansk region.


Optimization ways for natural forage land flood-plain landscapes, contaminated by radionuclides, use

The ways to optimize the use of natural rangeland major rivers Gomel region contaminated by long-lived radionuclides 137Cs and 90Sr on the example of the floodplain ecosystem of the river Sozh. The estimation of radioecological and biogeochemical conditions in the floodplain Sozh landscape and developed recommendations for the partial or selective use of the floodplain, taking into account the density of soil contamination and actions geochemical barriers (sites, by virtue of any geochemical features of accumulating higher concentrations of 137Cs and 90Sr) in the floodplain and exclusion of data plots from agricultural use. Also, taking into account the spatial and temporal differentiation of the data distribution of radionuclides (differences in the accumulation of herbage in the first and second mowing) recommendations on the best use for each facial element floodplain landscape to reduce the intake of radionuclides in animal feed.

Keywords: flood-plains, rangelands, a geochemical barriers, radionuclides, Republic of Belarus.


Microelements and heavy metals in the plough land soils of Tuva

The point of the research is agro-ecological estimation of containing of extractable microelements forms (Zn, Cu, Co, Mn, B) and heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Ni) in the plough land soils of 13 districts of Tuva Republic. The work is done on the base of total agrochemical survey and three tours of local agro-ecological monitoring.

The containing of microelements and heavy metals in different kinds of soils was weighed, including the reference sector of steppe and forest-steppe zones.

Keywords: microelements, heavy metals, extractable forms, (PEL) permissible exposure limit, reference sectors.


SOIL FERTILITY

Influence of food regime and organic matter content on soil fertility and yield of winter wheat

In conditions of Central Chernozem region in long-term stationary field experiment investigated the effect of crop rotations and methods of tillage and fertilizers on the nutritive regime of the soil, the humus content and yield of winter wheat. The application of organic and mineral fertilizers promoted the increase of nutrients in the upper soil layer, in comparison with the control, from a single dose of 2-4 nitrogen, phosphorus 48-51 and potassium 9-13 mg/kg, and a double dose of nitrogen 5-10, phosphorus 64-75 and potassium 19-23 mg/kg. The content of hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium decreased with depth of soil profile, depending on the doses of fertilizer. It was noted the most effective the effects of tillage on nutrient status of the soil. The processes of humification in the soil is markedly activated by the addition of organic and mineral fertilizers, especially in crop rotation with grasses and with minimization of soil treatment methods in the 0-50 cm layer, the humus content increased from 0.20 to 0.24 absolute percentage points. The yield of winter wheat was greatest in the grain-steam-arable crop rotation, where net steam to more intensively in the soil processes of mineralization of substances, which significantly enhances its security batteries.

Keywords: typical chernozem, soil treatment, crop rotations, fertilizer, humus content, winter wheat, harvest.


Criteria and arable land resources in the conditions of forest-steppe of the Central Chernozem Zone

The statistical analysis of more than half a century proves the stability of organic matter and soil hydrolysable nitrogen and increase security chernozems mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium. Statistical analysis shows that on average for the years involved in the sample, a positive impact on the productivity of arable land had nitrogen and potassium and negative – phosphorus. Trend weather conditions in the CCZ – aridity, and comparative assessment of climate equity participation and fertilizer dominates the anthropogenic factor. From fertilizer maximum impact on arable land productivity had nitrogen and minimal – phosphate, forecast calculations carried out on the basis of a mathematical model with a confidence level of verification, showed an increase in the productivity of arable land in the long term, reducing the hydrothermal coefficient, a slight increase in the level of fertilizer application provided reformatting their qualitative composition in favor of the nitrogen component.

Keywords: hydrothermal coefficient, aridization, mineral fertilizers, anthropogenic factor, nitrogen, phosphorous.


Influence of prolonged application of fertilizers on yield and quality of winter wheat grain

The results of long-term field experiment on the effect of fertilizers on the yield and quality parameters of winter wheat, cultivated at typical chernozem soil into stationary field experiment of Belgorod SRI for agriculture. Established that basic application of mineral fertilizers for winter wheat – perspective agricultural measurement, providing harvest addition of 1.13-1.45 t/ha. However, taking into account the cost of the fat, and the purchase price of grain conditional net income provide a low dose – 62-90 kg of NPK, and the best results are obtained by N90P60K90 option.

Keywords: winter wheat, fertilizer dozes, typical chernozem, yield, grain quality, profitability.


BIOPREPARATIONS AND ORGANICMINERAL FERTILIZERS

GEOTON influence on microbiological activity of spring barley root zone

In this article are presented results researches that indicate the possibility of increase in microbiological activity of the root zone of plants under the influence of the new organomineral complex GEOTON. As the factor increasing soil fertility, is advisable to use a concentration of 1:60 and 1:80 of this preparation.

Keywords: microbiological activity, GEOTONE, microflora, rhizosphere.


Influence of Epin-Extra and Ideal preparations on milk thistle (Silybum Marianum L.) yield at introduction into Moscow region

The article presents the results of studies on the effectiveness of the use of complex organic-mineral fertilizer «ideal» and foliar application preparation Epin-Extra at cultivation thistle on soddy-podzolic soils in the conditions of the Moscow region. Carrying out foliar application preparation Epin-Extra (24 ehpibrassinolida) resulted in the highest yield of seeds of milk thistle (1.0 t/ha) due to improved performance yield structure with the best of their biochemical parameters.

Keywords: milk thistle, foliar fertilization, growth regulators, grain quality.


Influence of phytobiocomplex and water-soluble fertilizers on productivity of spring wheat

Results of research of influence of phytobiocomplexes and water-soluble fertilizers on physiological processes of plants and productivity of plants of a spring-sown field are given in article.

Keywords: phytobiocomplex, water-soluble fertilizers, spring-sown field, accumulating of a chlorophyll, intensity of photosynthesis and breath, productivity of photosynthesis.


YOUNG SCIENTISTS RESEARCH

Heavy metals concentration in organic fertilizers

The article present the research of the most common conditions organic fertilizers in Belgorod region: cattle manure, manure runoff, compost. The study invest gated the local agroecological materials and the continuous monitoring of the agrochemical survey of arable soils of Belgorod region. Analysis is results showed that special attention should be paid to the content of toxic elements in animal waste, it was found the highest concentrations of these chemical elements: cadmium – 0,36, lead – 5,86, hydrargyrum – 0,005 mc/kg (in terms of dry substance). The highest average content of arsenic found in the manure of cattle and is 0,55 mc/kg of dry matter. The study showed that despite the increasing volumes of organic fertilizers (8,3 t/ha of sowing in 2014) exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations of cadmium, lead, hydrargyrum and arsenic in soils of arable area is not found.

Keywords: cadmium, lead, hydrargyrum, arsenic, heavy metals, organic fertilizers, soil.


Efficiency evaluation of use of local peat as peatground component

Comparative efficiency analysis of two prepared peat ground on the basis of local peat (option No 1 with addition of NPK, No 2 – NPK + clay) and control is carried out (peat ground trademark the VELTORF). It is established that at cultivation of arugula of a grade Corsica on a peat ground No 1, in comparison with control, plants on biometric indicators don't differ, and even surpass in some sizes (height of plants and quantity of leaves for 15%, the mass of a land part for 46%). Oppression of plants at cultivation on a peat ground No 2 with use of local peat, clay and NPK is noted.

Keywords: peat ground, phytotoxicity, biometric indicators.


Influence of humic and biopreparations on the density of winter wheat

The article presents the results of studying the effect of timing of humic and biosubstances on the plant density of crops of winter wheat varieties Moscow 39. It was found that the studied factors largely affect the density of winter wheat plants.

Keywords: humic and biopreparations, winter wheat, plant density, phase.


Microfertilizers effect on nitrogen regime leached chernozem Western Caucausus and yield of alfalfa second year of life

In multivariate stationary field experiment Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kuban State Agrarian University studied the effect of the rules micronutrients fertilizer on soil nitrogen regime in the alfalfa fields of the second year of life. A significant dynamics of accumulation of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in the soil during the growing season and its determinants.

Keywords: leached chernozem, nitrogen regime, micronutrient fertilizers, alfalfa.