FERTILIZER AND HARVEST

Azarov V.B., Ermolaeva V.V., Kloster N.I. (lotkova.2001@mail.ru)

Study of the symbiotic activity and productivity of soybeans under mineral and organic fertilizer systems in conditions of the Central Chernozem region

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2026-1-001

The article presents the results of studying the symbiotic activity and productivity of soybeans of Belgorod 48 variety in the soil and climatic conditions of the south-west of the Central Chernozem region (the Belgorod region) for 2022-2024. The effectiveness of mineral (N₆₀P₁₀K₁₅) and organic (compost of chicken manure 0.6 t/ha + granules 0.5 t/ha (N₃₀P₁₀K₁₅)) was compared in the work. fertilizer systems are relatively controlled without fertilizers. As indicators of symbiotic activity of soybeans, the number and mass of active nodules were measured in the dynamics of the third triple leaf – budding – the beginning of seed filling – full filling. The data of the active symbiotic potential (ASP) were calculated based on the established period of nodule activity (presence of leghemoglobin). In the variant with a mineral fertilizer system, along with an organic one, a 64-day duration of nodule activity was recorded, which is exactly one week longer than the control variant. The productivity indicators were based on the yield and percentage of protein in the soybean grain. The maximum protein content in the experiment was 42.8% (in terms of dry matter) and a yield of 23.3 c/ha obtained with an organic fertilizer system.

Keywords: soybeans, nodules, active symbiotic potential, ASP, fertilizer system, yield, protein content.

---

Syrenzhapova A.S., Sosorova S.B., Antropova I.G., Tsyrengarmayeva B.Ts., Buyantueva A.V., Gulyashinov P.A. (arunaSS_70@mail.ru, lamu-98@mail.ru, soelma_sosorova@mail.ru, aika.buyantueva.ru, inan@binm.ru, gulpasha@mail.ru)

Aftereffect of potassium fertilizers based on synnyrite on the productivity and quality of perennial ryegrass in the vegetation experience

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2026-1-002

The article presents the results of vegetative experiments to assess the aftereffect of organo-mineral fertilizer based on synnyrite and oxidized brown coal on the productivity and quality of perennial ryegrass of Sakini variety. The experiments were conducted in the vegetative house of the Buryat State Agricultural Academy in 2024. The K₂O content in the potassium organomineral fertilizer was 14.5%, and in the original synnyrite it was 18.6%. It was found that the studied fertilizers had a positive effect on the yield and quality of the studied crop. The maximum increase in the yield of perennial ryegrass was obtained in the variant with synnyrite enriched with oxidized brown coal (57.1% of the background) and slightly less in the variant with crushed synnyrite (19.9% of the background). A positive effect was noted on the quality indicators of perennial ryegrass: an increase in the content of crude protein, fiber (OMU), crude ash, calcium, magnesium, sodium, zinc, and a decrease in the concentration of nitrates and iron. A slight increase in phosphorus and potassium was observed in the fertilized variants. In general, it can be noted that these fertilizers are as effective as potassium sulfate.

Keywords: perennial ryegrass, productivity, chlorine-free potassium fertilizers, synnyrite.

---

Shafran S.A. (shafran38@mail.ru)

Assimilation of nutrition elements by potatoes from fertilizers in soils with various agrochemical properties

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2026-1-003

The paper describes the principles of obtaining data on determining the coefficients of use of nutrition elements by potatoes from mineral fertilizers, depending on the influence of agrochemical properties of soils on their value. Generalization of a large amount of experimental material made it possible to fairly objectively assess the contribution of mineral fertilizers to the formation of crop yields on various soils of the Central Federal District. The results of the obtained studies indicate that the nitrogen utilization coefficients from mineral fertilizers were highest with a low content of easily hydrolyzable nitrogen and increased with an increase in the availability of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium in soils. Phosphorus consumption from fertilizers turned out to be lower compared to nitrogen, which decreased with an increase in P₂O₅ in the soil. The coefficients of potassium utilization by potatoes significantly exceeded those of nitrogen and phosphorus. As the K₂O content in the soil increased, the coefficients decreased several times. The data obtained allows them to be used for more accurate determination of doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers.

Keywords: coefficients of fertilizer use, soil types, agrochemical properties, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium removal.

---

Belous N.M., Chesalyn S.F., Malyavko G.P., Smolsky E.V., Belous I.N. (sev_84@mail.ru)

Effect of chemicalization agents on accumulation of heavy metals by crop production

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2026-1-004

In conditions of soddy-podzolic sandy soils of the Bryansk region, the effect of chemicalization tools on the accumulation of heavy metals in the resulting products was studied. As a result of research, it was revealed that the accumulation of heavy metals in potato tubers, oat grains, winter rye and narrow-leaved lupine according to the studied experience options did not exceed the maximum permissible level. The long-term scientifically substantiated use of fertilizer, pesticides and the growth regulator Gumistim in fruitful crop rotation makes it possible to obtain safe crop production based on the content of toxic elements – lead and cadmium. An increase in the level of use of chemicalizers in the cultivation of crops to varying degrees (significantly, medium and insignificantly) influenced the accumulation of heavy metals in the resulting products. The use of chemicalization agents in combination with pesticides, as well as pesticides and Gumistim, contributed to a decrease in the accumulation of copper and zinc in potato tubers compared to controls. Under the influence of agrochemicals, a decrease in the content of copper in oat grain, copper and zinc in the grain and green mass of narrow-leaved lupine, as well as winter rye grain relative to control, was noted.

Keywords: chemicalization means, heavy metals, potatoes, oats, winter rye, narrow-leaved lupine, soddy-podzolic sandy soil.

---

Panova P.Yu., Gasparyan I.N. (panova@rgau-msha.ru, irina150170@yandex.ru)

Influence of foliar top-dressing by magnesium sulfate on yield and quality of oats under conditions of the soddy-podzolic soils in the Smolensk region

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2026-1-005

This study evaluated the effectiveness of foliar magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) for increasing yield and improving grain quality of hulless oats under the conditions of the Smolensk region. Multi-year field trials (2022-2024) with cv. Nemchinovsky 61 demonstrated that foliar MgSO₄ applied against a balanced NPK background produced statistically significant yield gains versus both the NPK background and the untreated control. Average yield increases were 0.65 t/ha at 15 kg a.i/ha and 0.75 t/ha at 30 kg a.i/ha of MgSO₄, corresponding to +45.5% and +52.3% relative to the control. Relative to the NPK background, foliar MgSO4 raised yield by 11.8-17.2% depending on the rate. Improvements were also observed in technological grain quality (thousand-kernel weight, test weight) and protein content. The effect persisted under contrasting moisture conditions, including the dry year of 2024. These findings confirm the high agronomic efficiency of foliar MgSO₄ as a tool to stabilize productivity and improve technological grain properties of oats on soddy-podzolic soils.

Keywords: oats, magnesium sulfate, foliar feeding, soddy-podzolic soils, yield, grain quality.

---

Svirina V.A., Chernogaev V.G. (svirina-vera@mail.ru, tchernogaeff@yandex.ru)

Influence of technology of the basic treatment of the soil on yield and chemical composition of the green mass of annual grasses

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2026-1-006

The results of experience conducted in 2022-2024 for study of the effect of various types of basic soil treatment on cultivation of the vetch-oat mixture in the crop rotation link are presented. It was found that deep tillage improved the agrochemical properties of the podzolized chernozem, steadily increased the yield and quality of the green mass of vetch-oat mixture compared with traditional annual dump treatment. The research results show that at the time of full shoots of vetch-oat mixture, the density of soil composition at the beginning of the growing season (by seedlings) in a layer of 0-30 cm for plowing by 20 cm (control) was 1.360 g/cm³, while for flat-cutting processing it was 1.410 g/cm³. The soil density increased from sowing to harvesting. There were no significant differences in the density of seedlings by tillage systems. However, on average, in terms of aftereffect in variants with chemical protection, the number of oat plants is 45 pcs/m² lower than without protection. The largest absolutely dry mass of crop and root residues was obtained by cultivating a vetch-oat mixture in variant 3 with deep processing by 27 cm without protection by 33.8 and 44.8% with protection compared to the control. The highest (31.2-30.3 kg/ha) productivity of the vetch-oat mixture on average for 2022-2024 was achieved by combined treatment on the variant with plant protection, and the lowest (28.0 kg/ha) by flat-cutting with plant protection.

Keywords: basic soil treatment, chernozem soil density, fertilizer system, vetch-oat mixture, yield, chemical composition of grasses, bioenergetic assessment.

---

SOIL PROPERTIES

Makarov O.A., Sinih Yu.N., Zagoruyko M.V. (oa_makarov@mail.ru, sinih.ju@yandex.ru, miho2000@mail.ru)

Improving soil quality with the help of sideral crops and straw in the Central Non-chernozem region

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2026-1-007

Under the conditions of field multifactorial experience, established in 1980 in the experimental field of the experimental base of the Mikhailovskoye Agricultural Association of the Podolsk district of the Moscow region, it was shown that the use of a crop-bearing sideral culture of white mustard, including in conjunction with plowing straw in field crop rotations of grain specialization, allows maintaining optimal fertility of soddy-podzolic soil. Thus, the inclusion of crop green fertilizer in the crop rotation against the background of the use of mineral fertilizers increased the humus content in the soil by the end of the 3rd and 4th rotations by 0.04-0.11% (1.2-3.3 t/ha) in comparison with the data of the fruit-shifting crop rotation with two fields of perennial grasses. There was also a significant increase in the content of labile carbon, mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium in the soils. Cultivation and plowing of crop siderate in grain crop rotation from 83% of its area increased the yields of barley and oats by 8.5 and 8.1%, respectively, and winter wheat and rye by 8.7 and 6.3%, and when combined with straw fertilizer by 10.2%, 7.4%, 12.2%, and 13.3%, respectively.

Keywords: sideral crops, straw, soddy-podzolic soils, fertility, crop rotation.

---

Alsayed N., Selitskaya O.V. (nooranooranooa92@gmail.com, oselitskaya@rgau-msha.ru)

Changes in the chemical parameters and phytotoxicity of soil under monoculture and crop rotation in long-term experiment at the Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2026-1-008

This paper examines the impact of continuous cropping and crop rotation on a number of soil chemical parameters, including acidity, the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and phytotoxicity. The study is based on long-term experimental data. It was shown that agrosoddy-podzolic soils grown without mineral fertilizers or lime exhibited no phytotoxicity, either with crop rotation or continuous cropping. Monoculture and crop rotation did not contribute to a radical change in the acidity of the soil. A tendency toward alkalization was revealed with continuous cropping. Due to the lack of nutrient input from organic and mineral fertilizers, the C/N ratio in all experimental variants ranged from 3.9 to 6.49. The highest values were observed with potato monoculture, and the lowest – with clover monoculture.

Keywords: long-term experiment, continuous cropping, crop rotation, soil chemical properties, soil pH, carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio, phytotoxicity.

---

Podkolzin O.A., Slyusarev V.N., Osipov A.V., Aleinik V.V. (kubsoil@mail.ru)

Effect of long-term cultivation of field crops by various intensification technologies on the agrophysical properties of leached chernozem the Azov-Kuban lowlands

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2026-1-009

The article presents the research results obtained in a stationary multifactorial experiment in the conditions of a flat agricultural landscape of 11-pole grain-grass-row crop rotation on the basis of an experimental field of the I.T. Trubilin Kuban State Agricultural University. The assessment of the current state of the leached chernozems of the Azov-Kuban lowland in the agroecological monitoring system is given. The morphometric features, granulometric composition and agrophysical properties of leached chernozems under various processing systems, the use of fertilizers for rotation of crop rotation in order to develop the most effective methods of fertility reproduction and increasing soil productivity are considered. It was found that the application of high doses of organic fertilizers contributed to the improvement of the agrophysical properties of chernozem, in comparison with the extensive technology of cultivation of field crops. Regardless of the application of agricultural technologies, the granulometric composition of leached chernozem does not change. The intensification of technologies in crop rotation using the recommended zonal tillage system contributed to the improvement of the structural condition of leached chernozem during the cultivation of field crops in the Azov-Kuban lowland. The maximum positive effect on the agrophysical properties of chernozem was exerted by the factor of soil fertility, the intensification of the basic tillage system and the plant protection system.

Keywords: agroecological monitoring, leached chernozem, agrophysical properties, field crops, alternative agricultural technologies.

---

Buryak S.M., Chernikova O.V., Mazhaiskyi Yu.А. (romanowasweta@yandex.ru, chernikova_olga@inbox.ru, director@mntc.pro)

Efficiency of organic ameliorants in development of fallow lands in the Moscow region

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2026-1-010

In a three-year field experiment (2020-2022), a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the use of organic ameliorant in the development of fallow lands in the southern part of the Moscow region was carried out. Rotted turkey manure was used as an organic reclamation agent in doses of 15 t/ha (P₁₅) and 30 t/ha (P₃₀). The application made it possible to increase the productivity of perennial grasses from 5.6 t/ha under non-ventilated control to 7.1 and 7.6 t/ha of dry matter, respectively. The haylage of perennial grasses from the P₁₅ variant had the best indicators in terms of crude protein content – 9.3%, crude fiber – 32.1%, crude ash – 7.9%, crude fat – 1.72%, carotene – 13, and metabolic energy intensity – 8.8 MJ. The profitability of developing the deposit for the production of high-quality feed reached 80.7%. The use of organic ameliorant increased the level of net income by 2.9 times (from 33.48 to 97.78 thousand rubles/ha).

Keywords: perennial grasses, soddy-podzolic soil, organic ameliorant, rotted turkey droppings, feed quality.

---

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES

Zanilov A.Кh., Taov R.Кh., Aznaeva M.R., Dudarova D.G., Pshukov A.M., Krylov V.A. (amiran78@inbox.ru)

Biomeliorative potential of radioactively safe natural ores for use in organic-mineral fertilizer complexes

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2026-1-011

The paper presents data on the effect of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium-containing natural minerals (phosphorite flour, sylvinite, volcanic ash and serpentinite) on the enzymatic activity (catalase, phosphatase, urease and invertase) of the ordinary chernozem, selected from the site (No 082) of Geonet long-term observations on the effect of various fertilizer systems. The maximum activity of catalase (14.9 ml O₂/1 g soil) and phosphatase (51.9 mg Р₂О₅/10 g soil) is observed when phosphorite flour is added to the soil on the 17th day of observation. At the same time, the activity of invertase is inhibited by phosphatase from 21.8 to 5.0 mg glucose/24 h/1 g soil. Under the influence of other minerals, invertase activity does not change significantly and remains within the range of 21.8-23.1 mg of glucose/24 h/1 g of soil. Urease activity is significantly stimulated by the addition of serpentineite to the soil (414.3 mg NH₃/10 g of soil). The effect of phosphorite flour and sylvinite on urease is relatively equal, with values of 185.6 and 201.1 mg glucose/24 h/1 g of soil. The activity of urease is significantly inhibited by the addition of volcanic ash (66.1 mg glucose/24 h/1 g of soil).

Keywords: organic-mineral fertilizers, natural minerals, radionuclides, biostimulants, enzymatic activity.

---

Soroka V.V., Kosolapova N.I., Protsenko E.P., Balabina N.A., Larionov M.V. (alpenlogs@gmail.com, nataliko7@yandex.ru, protselena@yandex.ru, ideinataly@yandex.ru, m.larionow2014@yandex.ru)

Study of the composition of a new biostimulator based on endometabolites of the cyanobacterium Limnospira platensis

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2026-1-012

The complexity and variable composition of biostimulants make the selection of research methods significantly complicated and pose challenges in choosing approaches to standardizing these products. When developing new products, it is necessary to select and quantify the parameters characterizing the composition of a new biostimulant produced by controlled fermentation of the biomass of cyanobacteria Limnospira platensis. The following parameters are selected to characterize the composition of the product samples: pH; total and free acidity; total content of non-volatile mineral and organic compounds and their soluble forms; content of essential macronutrients, free amino acids, and neutral sugars. The following process parameters are selected for monitoring: degree of cell wall destruction; fermentation depth; and the visible spectrum of the filtered product solution. Methods for measuring these parameters are selected and adapted. It is revealed that pH of a 0.1% solution of the product is 5.7 pH units. The product contains 134.7 g/dm³ of dry matter, of which 99.8 g/dm³ are dissolved. The majority of the product's dissolved components (over 84%) are organic matter. The total nitrogen content is 8 g/l, phosphorus (as P₂O₅) is 5.3 g/l, and potassium (as K₂O) is 0.5 g/l. The product contains 50.2 g/l of free amino acids and 16.7 g/l of neutral sugars. An analysis of the results allows us to develop recommendations for acceptance and delivery and periodic testing during its production.

Keywords: plant biostimulants, cyanobacteria Limnospira platensis, technological and quality parameters.

---

Lysov A.K., Kornilov T.V., Morozov D.O., Bukreev V.V. (bkbz@bk.ru)

Improvement of ULV spraying technology agricultural crops

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2026-1-013

The results of implementing an energy-saving ultra-low-volume spraying (ULVS) herbicide technology into agricultural production in the Belgorod region are presented. A description of a new working element for handheld and boom sprayers is provided. This rotating disk is equipped with a fan to force droplets onto the treated surface. Forced droplet deposition solved the main problem associated with this technology – the drift of small droplets from the treatment zone and also improved the uniformity of droplet distribution across the spray spectrum. Due to the lack of specialized formulations for ULVS, a universal anti-evaporation adhesion agent was developed for use in working fluids of chemical and biological agents, enabling their use with ULVS. The article presents the results of two-year trials of ULVS with forced droplet deposition against weeds on oat crops in the Belgorod Region. Compared to low-volume spraying technology, the advantage of the new technology have been demonstrated, providing high biological effectiveness of protective measures from 90 to 100% at a rate of 5 l/ha and a 25% reduction in the application rate of the product. The new technology has proven its energy efficiency by reducing water consumption during the process by 40 times and eliminating the cost of ancillary operations such as water delivery for sprayer operation.

Keywords: ultra-low-volume spraying, spray dispersion, drift, disc atomizer, forced droplet deposition, biological efficiency.

---

YOUNG SCIENTISTS RESEARCHES

Pirtskhalava A.E. (scientific supervisor – Ph.D. T.E. Efreytorova) (a.pirtskhalava@avgust.com, t.efreytorova@avgust.com)

Effect of malathion on overcoming metabolic resistance of Setaria glauca to nicosulfuron

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2026-1-014

This paper presents the results of an efficiency evaluation of the insectoacaricide malathion (570 g/L), for overcoming resistance in yellow foxtail (Setaria glauca) to the herbicide nicosulfuron (40 g/L). Under controlled laboratory conditions, it was found that pretreatment with malathion 2 hours before nicosulfuron application increased biological efficacy from 9 to 43%. The use of a tank mixture provided 92% control of the resistant population. These results suggest a potential role for CYP450 inhibitors, such as malathion, in counteracting metabolic resistance in weeds and highlight the need for further research to explore this approach for developing integrated crop protection strategies.

Keywords: malathion, nicosulfuron, cytochrome P450, metabolic resistance, Setaria glauca, herbicides.

---

REVIEWS

Voronina O.A., Zaitsev S.Yu. (016vniimz-noo@list.ru)

Features of mineral metabolism in growth and development of broiler-chickens

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2026-1-015

The active development of the poultry meat industry requires the scientific sector to constantly search for solutions to scientific and practical problems, simultaneously related to genetics and selection; issues of ensuring the health of livestock and general assessment of their physiological-biochemical status. These issues are especially important recently in connection with the active creation of new crosses of agricultural poultry all over the world. In Russia, such a cross of broiler chickens is «Smena-9», which is characterized by increased livability (by 0.8%), live weight (by 0.3%), slaughter yield (by 0.9%) with significantly lower feed costs (lower by 4.8%) compared to «Smena-8». Issues considered in the review: standardization of macro- and microelement (MME) nutrition of broiler chickens; the role of MME in the growth and development of broiler chickens; nutrigenomics in the field of meat poultry farming; the effect of dietary balance on the absorption of MME; the effect of various additives and monitoring of the state of mineral metabolism of broiler chickens. When rationing MME in the diet of broiler chickens, it is necessary to take into account: cross, age, body weight, degree of development. It has been shown that MME are better absorbed from organic compounds. When conducting monitoring of the growth and development of broiler chickens, it is recommended to simultaneously assess the content of MME in feed.

Keywords: meat and poultry farming, mineral metabolism, control of mineral metabolism.