FERTILIZER AND HARVEST

Zavalin A.A., Shafran S.A. (zavalin.52@mail.ru)

On efficiency of ammonium nitrate and carbamide application

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-6-001

The results of a generalization of long-term studies on the comparative effectiveness of the use of the main forms of nitrogen fertilizers – ammonium nitrate (N_аа) and carbamide (N_m) for leading agricultural crops cultivated on the prevailing soils of Russia are presented. The results obtained indicate that the agronomic efficiency of these forms of mineral fertilizers was obtained the same with their pre-sowing application and top dressing of winter wheat on all studied soil types. It is shown that the complex of agrochemical properties of soils significantly affects the payback of N-fertilizers by increasing the yield of winter wheat grain. The difference in the payback of N-fertilizers by adding grain yield differs significantly both in the degree of soil cultivation and in the doses of fertilizers applied and slightly exceeded the difference in grain yield compared with similar data obtained when testing both forms of fertilizers. In the vast majority of cases, the effectiveness of the use of N_аа and N_m differed little from each other, excluding individual cases; N_m was inferior to N_аа when applied superficially on sandy loam soils and was superior on irrigated lands and when fertilizing winter wheat in order to improve grain quality. When choosing the form of N-fertilizers with the same agrochemical efficiency, it is necessary to focus on the economic indicators of their use.

Keywords: forms of nitrogen fertilizers, ammonium nitrate, urea, soil fertility, agronomic and economic effi- ciency, pre-sowing application, top dressing.

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Rabinovich G.Yu., Treshkin I.A. (2016vniimz-noo@list.ru)

Assessment of new organic-microelement complexes influence on productivity of grain crops and phosphorus balance in crop rotation link

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-6-002

The article presents the results of three years of testing modifications of multi-purpose compost (KMN) and their effect on the productivity of the crop rotation link and the phosphorus balance. The studies were carried out at the Gubino experimental site of VNIIMZ (the Tver region) on soddy-weakly podzolic deep-strong-gleyic light loamy dryable soil on a carbonate moraine of more than 60 cm. Under the influence of the prolonged action of multi-purpose compost and organic-microelement complexes, a statistically significant increase was obtained (1.7-4.0%) content of available phosphorus in soddy-podzolic light loamy soil relative to the option without fertilizers. The influence of tested fertilizers based on KMN on the productivity of the crop rotation link has been proven, providing an increase of 22.7-29.5%. The removal of phosphorus from the crop during the three years of the experiment ranged from 71.8 kg/ha to 80.2 kg/ha, decreasing in the range of options with fertilizers: KMN + [Zn + Mo] – KMN – KMN + [Zn + Cu]. Positive average annual phosphorus balance of 15.8-23.6 kg/ha was calculated due to the application of fertilizers and straw plowing; the phosphorus balance intensity was 141.5- 184.7%. The maximum coefficient of phosphorus utilization from fertilizers (20.1) was revealed in the experimental variant using the organic-microelement complex KMN + [Zn + Mo], which ensured the minimum intensity of the phosphorus balance (141.5%) relative to other fertilizers.

Keywords: multipurpose compost, organic-microelement complex, productivity, phosphorus balance, soddy- podzolic light loamy soil.

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Ivanov R.G., Naliukhin A.N., Belopukhov S.L., Djancharova G.K. (ivanovroman_19@mail.ru, belopuhov@mail.ru)

Effect of biomodified nitrogen fertilizers on yield and nutrient removal by buckwheat of different years of breeding

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-6-003

The effect of nitrogen fertilizers, as well as biomodified nitrogen fertilizers by B. subtilis on the size and structure of the yield of buckwheat of different years of selection (Dikul and Dasha varieties) grown in the agroclimatic conditions of the Moscow region in 2023-2024 was studied. The main agrochemical indicators of soil (average 2023-2024): pH_KCl 6.83; humus 2.63%; hydrolytic acidity 2.860 mg-eq/100 g; S 7.66 mg-eq/100 g; content of N-NO₃ 51.8 mg/kg; N-NH₄ 30.3 mg/kg; mobile Р₂О₅ 181.16 mg/kg; К₂О 134.0 mg/kg; total N 0.07%, alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen 32.5 mg/kg. It is shown that the use of urea and biomodified urea in buckwheat crops in doses of N₃₀ and N₆₀ increases the yield of grain and straw, and N₉₀ reduces the yield of grain, but significantly increases the yield of straw. In addition, the use of biomodified nitrogen fertilizers affects the content and removal of the main nutrients of plants.

Keywords: buckwheat, urea, biomodified fertilizers, microbial fertilizers, Extrasol, nitrogen fertilizers, NPK.

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Alemyar S.A., Dmitrevskaya I.I., Zharkikh O.A. ( s.alemyar@mail.ru, i.dmitrevskaya@rgau-msha.ru)

Use of mineral fertilizers and gibberellin on beans when grown in conditions of the northeast of the Afghanistan

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-6-004

Studies of different doses of mineral fertilizers and phytohormone gibberellin on the growth and development of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) variety Rosecoco (GLP2) have been conducted. In the conditions of the northeastern part of the Afghanistan (the Kapisa province) on the territory of the Alberoni University field station. The fertilizer consumption rates were N₃₀P₂₀K₁₀, N₄₅P₄₀K₂₀ and N₆₀P₆₀K₃₀. During the bean budding phase, gibberellin was used at consumption rates 20, 40 and 60 g/ha. The soil is a typical sierozem of sandy loam, slightly alkaline, with a low content of basic nutrients. The use of N₄₅P₄₀K₂₀ and N₆₀P₆₀K₃₀ with gibberellin 40 and 60 g/ha has been found to have a positive effect on the height and morphological parameters of plants, as well as on grain yield. The maximum height of plants was in the variant N₆₀P₆₀K₃₀ with gibberellin 60 g/ha (100.5 cm), which is 32 cm more relative to the control (68.5 cm). The accumulation of dry matter by bean plants was higher in all variants relative to the control and averaged 1.63-3.53 g, most of all in the variant N₆₀P₆₀K₃₀ with gibberellin 60 g/ha (7.01 g). The highest grain yields were in variants N₆₀P₆₀K₃₀ with gibberellin 20, 40 and 60 g/ha (1.65-2.01 t/ha). The use of mineral fertilizers and gibberellin contributed to an increase in protein in the bean grain. On average, relative to the control, the protein content in the bean grain increased by 2.05-4.02% in variants with fertilizers and the use of gibberellin. The use of phytohormone alone on bean plants did not have a statistically significant value in protein content (22-22.81%) relative to the control (21.78%). In variants N₆₀P₆₀K₃₀ with gibberellin 20, 40 and 60 g/ha, a protein content of 25.55-25.80% was noted, which is more relative to other variants.

Keywords: beans, mineral fertilizers, plant growth regulators, gibberellin.

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SOIL PROPERTIES

Prokhorov A.A., Borisov B.A., Efimov O.E., Minaev N.V. (artem.prokhorov.2016@inbox.ru)

Assessing the sensitivity of soil agrochemical indicators to soil organic carbon reduction

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-6-005

The sensitivity of a number of soil parameters to the process of reduction of soil organic carbon determined by the bichromate oxidation method has been assessed on the example of three key areas of the territory: Pre-Caucasian (the Rostov region), Middle Russian forest-steppe (the Moscow region) and Middle Russian taiga-forest (the Kaluga region) soil provinces. It was found that, regardless of the connection to the type of soils, the most sensitive soil parameter is % of the LF fraction < 1.6 g/cm³. The trend of reduction of LF < 1.6 g/cm³ is not proportional to the rate of humus reduction and has a non-linear character, undergoing significant losses of up to 40-60% at reduction of soil carbon fraction by 25% relative to background values. Indicators of the content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, as well as the level of acidity were stable to the reduction of humus carbon content. Soils of chernozem-type agrolandscapes were characterized by statistically significant differences in the average content of permanganate-oxidizable carbon fraction, but in terms of % humus carbon content, grey forest soils of Serpukhov district of the Moscow region, used for extensive cultivation of perennial forage grasses did not differ from pre-Caucasian ordinary chernozems, localized in Zernogradsky district of the Rostov region, used under intensive and normal agro-technologies. The content of LF < 1.6 g/cm³ was not characterized by statistically significant differences between the agrolandscapes of the three studied sites, but the measured background content of LF < 1.6 g/cm³ in the conditions of the steppe zone of the Pre-Caucasian province was on average 20% lower relative to the mass content of the LF < 1.6 g/cm³ fraction of the Central Russian provinces.

Keywords: soil organic carbon, fertility, agro-landscape, resistance to degradation, soil quality.

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Kozlova N.V., Zаkharikhina L.V. (kozlovanvagro@yandex.ru)

Features of accumulation and fractionation of rare earth elements in soils of humid subtropics of Russia during long-term cultivation of tea with various NPK-fertilizers

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-6-006

A comparative assessment of the content of rare earth elements (REE) and the ratio of their subgroups (light, medium, heavy) in brown forest acid soils of the Sochi Black Sea coast is presented, due to the prolonged use of various doses, types, forms of simple and complex NPK-fertilizers in tea cultivation. The soil (0-20 cm) of a number of variants of a multifactorial field experiment was studied, where fertilizers were applied annually for more than 25 years. They were compared with the forest soil (local geochemical background). The REE content (gross and mobile forms) was determined by mass spectrometry and atomic emission with inductively coupled plasma. The use of ammonium nitrate and urea (double dose – 140-400 kg N/ha, a total of 7.6 t N/ha was introduced) did not lead to a significant gross accumulation of REE (about 10% relative to the background; 116.2 to 107.2 mg/kg). The introduction of superphosphate (double dose – 120 kg Р₂О₅/ha, total 3.1 t P2O5/ha) with nitrogen fertilizers increased the gross REE content by 15% (up to 124.7 mg/kg). The use of potassium salt/potassium chloride (double dose – 100 kg K₂O/ha, total 2.6 t K₂O/ha) together with N-fertilizers (as well as complex NPK-fertilizers in single doses) led to a pronounced 1.6-fold accumulation of REE (up to 167.8-171.7 mg/kg); increased to a greater extent concentrations of light and medium REE (primarily La). Single and double doses of NPK in predominantly complex forms led to the accumulation of REE of no more than 20-25%. The concentration of mobile REE and their percentage of the gross content in the soil under tea increased 2.5-4.3 and 2.3-3.2 times (respectively), the higher the gross content increased. The growth is more pronounced for heavy REE, which is due to their increased hydrolysis in comparison with light REE during soil acidification (by 0.4-0.8 pH units). The generally accepted normalization of gross REE contents according to the standard (NASC – North American shalу composite) showed that the forest soil is characterized by a deficit of all REES (C/С_NASC in the range of 0.3-0.7). Their fractionation is expressed in the predominance of light REES (C/С_NASC = 0.64), a reduced content of medium and heavy REES (C/С_NASC = 0.44 and 0.31). The soils of tea agrocenoses retained the character of REE fractionation and repeated the configuration of the spectra of gross concentrations. With the most pronounced accumulation of REE, the total content of light/medium/heavy REE increased to C/С_NASC = 0,97-1.05/0.63-0.69/0,40-0,43, accordingly. Lanthanum (C/С_NASC = 1.1-1.2) and cerium (C/С_NASC = 1.0-1.1) became redundant, slightly changing the configuration of spectral lines in this area. The increased content of Ce in potash fertilizers is expected due to the predominance of Ce in the composition of REE characteristic of natural raw materials, and the high content of La is a geochemical feature of the place of extraction of raw materials.

Keywords: brown forest acidic soils, tea agrocenoses, simple and complex NPK-mineral fertilizers, rare earth elements, concentration coefficients, fractionation.

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Spynu M.T., Tikhonova M.V., Iliushkova E.M., Zhigaleva Y.S., Buzylev A.V., Aleksandrov N.A. (tmv@rgau-msha.ru)

Dynamics of changes in agrochemical indicators of soil and vegetation cover in disturbed areas in conditions of the ecological station

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-6-007

The article deals with the dynamics of changes in agrochemical indicators of the upper root-inhabited horizon (0-10 cm.) of sod-podzolic urban soils on the territory of the Western Field of the Ecological Station of the Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University (RSAU – MTAA), located in the northern district of the Moscow city for the period of 2018, 2022 and 2024. Values for 2018, 2022 and 2024 of such indicators in soil as: salt acidity of soil, organic matter, mobile forms of potassium, phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen are evaluated and compared. The species change of the vegetation ground cover in the study area for 5 years was analyzed, with the description of predomi nant species and families. Biodiversity indices were determined taking into account Shannon homogeneity. The values for 2018, 2022 and 2024 of the following soil parameters were assessed and compared: pH_KCl, organic matter content, mobile forms of potassium, phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen. It was found that the soil cover showed a double increase in the values of mobile phosphorus, potassium and nitrate nitrogen in 2022 and 2024 compared to 2018, and a change in the species composition of vegetation occurred: the number of species increased by 4.5 times, the number of families by 2 times, and the species richness of vegetation increased from 6 to 16.4 per 1 m².

Keywords: agrochemical soil parameters phosphorus, potassium, soil acidity, vegetation change, organic mat- ter determination, nitrogen, biological diversity.

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Kloster N.I., Azarov V.B., Lotkova V.V. (lotkova.2001@mail.ru)

Dynamics of the content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium in soybean crops with an organic fertilizer system

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-6-008

The article presents data on the content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium in soybean crops of the three-field grain crop rotation (soybean-winter wheat-grain corn). The factors of experience are the use and absence of organic fertilizers with full, half and zero doses of mineral fertilizers (based on the planned yield of 25 kg/ha). Field experience data show a positive trend of increasing reserves of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium when using organic fertilizers in combination with half doses of mineral fertilizers.

Keywords: chernozem, fertility, mobile phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, cereals, crop rotation, organic fertilizers.

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AGROECOLOGY

Potsepai S.N., Anishchenko L.N., Malyavko G.P., Semyshev M.V., Simonov V.Yu. (snpotsepai@yandex.ru, eco_egf@mail.ru)

Prospects of using grassing-down technology for rehabilitation of agricultural soils

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-6-009

Based on the results of long-term experimental researches of grassing-down processes on soils disturbed as a result of anthropogenic and biotic limiting factors, rehabilitation species that create a closed biogeochemical cycle and restore the properties of substrate components have been proposed. These are species such as: Lotus corniculatus L., Trifolium hybridum L., Bromopsis inermis (Leyss.) Holub., Cynosurus cristatus L., Festuca rubra L, Phleum phleoides (L.) Karst., Festuca ovina L. Analyses of the effects of natural overgrowth of sand pits involving 9 species of plants also confirmed changes in the granulometric, chemical and biological properties of the substrates, proceeding at a low rate and medium efficiency. If artificial grassing-down of technogenic substrates is impossible, it is possible to stimulate the development of Calamagrostis epigeios and Elytrigia repens communities on spent sand pits. Natural overgrowing of the knocked down pastures (elimination of pastoral digression) is a long process of fluctuations, depending on the position of the pasture in the relief, water and washing regime, availability of seed bank in the soil, degree of degradation. Controlling the recovery of the land is possible only through industrial grassing. Consideration of the efficiency of using 9 combinations of grass species in phytomelioration of pastures biomonitoring data did not reveal any preference for single- or dual-species reclamation designs. The introduction of legume forms into the grass mixture caused activation of soil microflora, increased productivity of aboveground biomass, roots and rhizomes due to the stimulating effect of nitrogen-fixing agents. Grass mixtures increased soil water permeability, normalized structural indices, humus content, normalized acidity, soil density. Recommended grass mixtures were Phalaroides arundinacea (L.) Rauschert, Poa pratensis L. + Phleum pratense L., Bromopsis inermis (Leyss.) Holub., Phalaroides arundinacea + Trifolium pratense L. The technique of artificial grassing-down is the most effective for activation of biogeochemical cycles in soil and shows optimal rehabilitation effect after technogenic and biotic disturbance of natural habitats.

Keywords: phytomelioration, soil, soil rehabilitation, grassing-down, the Bryansk region.

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Khismatullin M.M., Lukmanov A.A., Khismatullin M.M., Khakimov T.B., Ullah R., Khuzina G.K. (rezi-almet@yandex.ru, anaslukmanov@mail.ru, marselmansurovic@mail.ru, Gulina1585@mail.ru, marsmansurovic@mail.ru, raheemkhank@gmail.com)

Development of reclamation farming: current challenges, solutions

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-6-010

Studies of long-term agrometeorological data indicate the impending growth of climate aridity in the southern and central regions of the country. Analysis of the current state of land resources and potential showed high rates of soil degradation development. Assessment of the meliorative industry has revealed a set of interdependent and interrelated problems that limit the wide application of its main elements, not to mention its comprehensive use even taking into account the measures of state support. It has been established that the natural-climatic potential of the Republic of Tatarstan allows to bring the scale of irrigation melioration up to 400 thousand hectares, and to guarantee the need of the Republic in foodstuffs of own production it is necessary to bring the volume of irrigated lands up to 150 thousand hectares, which allows to speak about the high export potential of the republic. Scientific and substantiated measures of land reclamation industry development are proposed, contributing to the preservation and restoration of soil fertility, water resources, reduction of agricultural land area loss, multiple increase in economic efficiency of agricultural production on the basis of standard developments of fundamentally new designs of wide-catchment equipment with elements of digitalization of irrigation process.

Keywords: complex melioration, climate aridity, production efficiency, soil fertility.

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PLANT PROTECTION

Ananyev A.A., Savoskina O.A., Chebanenko S.I. (osavoskina@rgau-msha.ru)

Role of predecessors in formation of phytosanitary state of winter wheat crops

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-6-011

In the production field experience, studies were conducted on the prevalence of a complex of leaf-stem diseases in winter wheat crops of the Moskovskaya 39 variety, cultivated according to various precursors (pure steam, spring wheat, white mustard) using resource-saving technology adapted to the conditions of the region. It was revealed that in the conditions of the Tula region, such diseases as Septoria tritici, Blumeria graminis and Puccinia recondita became the most widespread during the years of research. The results of phytosanitary monitoring carried out in the phases of tillering, exit into the tube and flagging indicate the positive role of black fallow as a precursor in reducing the prevalence of diseases (on average 2.5 times) compared with spring wheat. Predecessors and the associated phytosanitary condition of crops had a strong influence on the grain yield of winter wheat.

Keywords: winter wheat, resource-saving technology, crop rotation, leaf-stem diseases, disease prevalence, yield, the Tula region.

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EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES

Petukhov A.S., Kremleva T.A., Petukhova G.A., Khritokhin N.A. (a.s.petukhov@utmn.ru, t.a.kremleva@utmn.ru, gpetuhova1@mail.ru, n.a.kritokhin@utmn.ru)

Effect of Cu soil model pollution on biochemical parameters of cultivated oat

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-6-012

The aim of the study was investigation of biochemical changes in the cultivated oat grown in organogenic (peat containing soil mixture) and mineral soil (river sand), model polluted by various Cu concentration. Copper was applied in the form of sulfate CuSO₄ x 5H₂O in concentration 0, 50, 100, 200, 500 mg kg-1. The duration lasted for 14 days with 300 oat seeds in each test group. Concentration of Cu in underground and overground part of oat was determined by atomic-absorption spectroscopy. Biochemical parameters in the green part of cultivated oat (concentration of photosynthetic pigments, lipid peroxidation products, flavonoids, proline, and catalase activity) were studied. Translocation of Cu was greater in mineral soil (up to 3.1 and 70 times for overground and underground part) compared to organogenic soil (up to 2.5 and 66 times). The change in biochemical parameters depended on soil type. Photosynthesis stimulation, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity inhibition were registered in the experiment with organogenic soil. The effect of Cu translocation in mineral soil was opposite with decrease in photosynthetic pigments concentration and lipid peroxidation products concentration, while antioxidant activity (flavonoids, firstly) was mostly increased. This indicates successful adaption of cultivated oat to elevated Cu translocation. According to the factor analysis, the change in photosynthetic pigments concentration, which provides energy for plant protective system, was the most significant.

Keywords: heavy metals, copper, plants, photosynthesis, antioxidants, lipid peroxidation.

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Vorobyov N.I., Loskutov S.I., Puhalsky J.V., Kosulnikov Yu.V., Osipov A.I., Yakubovskaya A.I., Kameneva I.A., Sidorova V.R., Glushakov R.I., Meshcheryakov D.D. (nik.ivanvorobyov@yandex.ru, puhalskyyan@gmail.com, aosipov2006@mail.ru, priemnaya@niishk.site, info@profprioritet.ru, glushakoffruslan@yandex.ru, press@gpmu.org, info@ledforplant.ru)

Neural network analysis of the fatty acid profile of marigold flowers

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-6-013

This article, using the example of biochemical analysis of plants from the genus Marigold (Tagetes sp.), provides a neural network analysis of the fractal profile of fatty acids in their inflorescences that form the pigment complex. A relationship was identified between phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of plants and the yield of flower buds. The experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of the winter garden at natural humidity, temperature 25-28°C and artificial lighting (full light culture). Two types of marigolds (deviated and erect), with different colors of petals (yellow and orange), were selected for research. Plants of both species were grown until full flowering, then the plants were cut and buds were weighed for further biochemical analysis. The fatty acid content was determined by extraction with a mixture of cyclohexane using gas chromatography-flame ionization detection mass spectrometry (GC-FID/MS). The predominant components in the petals of both types were palmitic (24.3-40.6%), linoleic (13.8-26.9) and stearic (19.3-21.9%) acids. To assess the intensity of cumulative biochemical processes in plants, the authors developed and used an original computational neural network ChemNN, which allows the calculation of cognitive significance indices (CSIfract1, CSIfract2), which are delegated the rights to quantitatively represent the intensity of cumulative biochemical processes in Marigold plants. The neural network calculations carried out made it possible to assess the quality of plant raw materials required for pharmaceutical and cosmetic production. The results of the study of fatty acid profiles can be used in the selection of the most valuable and high-yielding plant varieties intended for the extraction of natural coloring pigments. In general, all analyzed samples were characterized by a high percentage of synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids SFA (55.8-77.1%) and a low percentage of yield of saturated SFA (20.5-38.5%), beneficial for human health. The UFA/UFA ratio index showed that the orange forms of both species synthesize greater amounts of UFA. However, by comparing the indicators of the obtained CSIfract1 and CSIfract2 indices, a conclusion is made about the prospects of growing yellow-flowered varieties of the Tagetes erecta species for the food and medicinal industries. The domi- nant components in the petals of both types were palmitic (24.3-40.6%), linoleic (13.8-26.9) and stearic (19.3-21.9%) acids. At the same time, in both types of flowers, stearic and palmitic acids, along with lauric and myristic acids, formed their own independent homogeneous series of NFAs. Therefore, in the future, when studying the qualitative composition of vegetable oils of Marigold petals, and analyzing their comparison with the standard average lipid profile calculated for most medicinal and essential oil crops, it is necessary to carry out them.

Keywords: marigold, ChemNN neural network, index of fractal composition of fatty acids, index of intensity of mass-accumulation processes in plants.

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Konovalov S.N., Borisova A.A., Medvedev S.M., Bobkova V.V., Salimova S.A. (vstisp.agrochem@yandex.ru)

Replication of clonal apple rootstocks intended for establishing mother cultivations with use of fertilizers and growth regulators

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-6-014

Research on the creation of mother plantings of the highest quality categories began at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture in 2020. During this period, 6 types of mother plantings were created. Of the 23 options for using Osmocote PRO fertilizer, the optimal method of application was identified (consumption 2 g/l) together with the plant growth regulator IMC (1 mg/l), with two application / treatment periods during the growing period in the greenhouse. The most productive were the mother plants laid by grafted plants after 2 years of growing in the open ground, where an average of 5.9 shoots suitable for stimulating rhizogenesis processes. For various types of mother plants, statistically significant correlations were revealed between the number of shoots and the content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves (average positive correlation with the content of chlorophyll b (R = 0.5724) and carotenoids (R = 0.5721)).

Keywords: mother plant of vertical layering, fertilizers, physiologically active substances, highest quality categories, chlorophyll fluorescence.

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YOUNG SCIENTISTS RESEARCH

Borovskaya A.S. (scientific supervisor – assistant professor, Ph.D. E.V. Gayeva) (nastja_2009@mail.ru, gaevajaev@tyuiu.ru)

Study of the effectiveness of using biopreparation Lenoil and natural sorbent Glauconite on oil-contaminated peat-bog soils

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-6-015

The most important environmental problem remains the pollution of peat soils with oil, as well as products of its oil refining. The study is aimed at studying the chemical properties of oil-contaminated peat-bog soils using the biopreparation Lenoil and the natural mineral sorbent Glauconite. Concentrations of oil products in the studied samples of peat-bog soils were from 1000 to 15000 mg/kg. With the use of the mineral sorbent Glauconite, the content of oil products decreased by 74.1%. The use of the biopreparation Lenoil also reduced the concentration of oil products by 68.6%. In the studied samples of oil-contaminated peat-bog soil types, when using oil destructors, the reaction of the peat-bog soil environment changes from acidic to neutral. When neutralizing petroleum products with the Lenoil oil destructor and the natural sorbent Glauconite in peat-bog soil, the concentrations of salts and iron remained without significant changes. When applying the preparations, the mass fraction of mois- ture and ash decreased by 6 and 10%. Based on the results of the studies, it is possible to recommend the use of the Lenoil oil destructor and the natural sorbent Glauconite for oil-contaminated peat-bog soils with a concentration of petroleum products up to 5000 mg/kg.

Keywords: petroleum products, peat-bog soils, oil destructors, Lenoil, Glauconite.

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Vershinina I.A. (scientific supervisor – Dr.Sci. S.V. Lebedev) (gavrish.irina.ogu@gmail.com, lsv74@list.ru)

Characteristics of microbial community of chernozem when adding Fe particles

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-6-016

Using the method of high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, the effect of Fe nanoparticles at a concentration of 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg of dry soil on the change in the taxonomic structure of the prokaryotic community of southern chernozem soils was studied. In the control, a low percentage of typical chernozem representatives (Pseudomonas, Bacillus) was observed, but a high content of Actinobacteria class bacteria in the control was characteristic of soils in the southern zones. The control samples contained typical minor representatives of soil microbiocenoses belonging to the families Hyphomicrobiaceae and Micrococcaceae. The minimum concentration of Fe nanoparticles had virtually no effect on the soil microbiome. Changes in the ratio of taxonomic groups of bacteria in the soil were noted with an increase in the applied dosage to 25 and 50 mg/kg. Iron nanoparticles at a dose of 25 mg/kg of dry soil led to an increase in the number of bacteria of the phyla Proteobacteria (+18.7%) and Bacteroidetes (+17.8%), and a decrease in the number of bacteria of the taxa Actinobacteria (-22.3%) and Firmicutes (-8.62%). Changes in the ratio of the main taxonomic groups were expressed in an increase in the number of bacteria of the classes Sphingobacteriia, Gammaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria, and in a decrease in the number of microorganisms of the taxa Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Bacilli. An increase in the studied samples of Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Pedobacter and other bacteria was noted in comparison with the control.

Keywords: microbial community, taxonomic diversity, chernozem, nanoparticles, iron.