FERTILIZER AND HARVEST

Bobrenko I.A., Kormin V.P., Martemyanov A.D. (bobrenko67@mail.ru)

Size and structure of yield of spring soft wheat varieties when using foliar top dressing for various precursors

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-4-001

The results of studies on the effect of foliar treatment of leaves with nitrogen and micro fertilizers, biostimulants of varieties of spring soft millet for various precursors on yield and its structure in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia are presented. The research was carried out on meadow-chernozem medium-sized low-humus loamy soil. Varieties of spring soft wheat Niva 55 and Silantiy. The content of N-NO₃ in the 0-20 cm layer in the soil is average in steam and low in non-steam precursor, mobile Р₂О₅ is elevated and К₂О is very high, mobile Cu and Zn are low. Used: nitrogen fertilizers N30, microfertilizers (Cu and Zn); Microvit standard (complex macro- and microfertilizers); amino acid fertilizer-biostimulator Biostim grain. Before sowing, higher reserves of N-NO₃ in the soil provided higher yields for both varieties than when cultivating spring wheat by steam (in the controls for the Niva 55 variety, they amounted to 3.14 and 2.20 t/ha, for Silantiy – 3.18 and 2.27 t/ha, respectively). Foliar leaf treatments significantly increased the yield of Niva 55, depending on the steam variant, by 0.30- 0.70 t/ha, for spring wheat after steam – by 0.11-1.07 t/ha; for Silantiy – by 0.33-0.70 t/ha and 0.14-0.78 t/ha, respectively. The productive bushiness, depending on the variants and precursors, in varieties against the background of an unpaired predecessor, it was significantly lower than in pairs. The largest mass of 1000 seeds for both precursors was obtained in the N₃₀Cu_0,5Zn_0,1 variant. The treatment of leaves with applied fertilizers and a biostimulator significantly increased the mass of 1000 seeds for both precursors.

Keywords: soft spring wheat, foliar processing, precursor, variety, structure.

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Svirina V.A., Chernogaev V.G. (podvyaze@bk.ru)

Soil fertility, yield, and quality of winter wheat at different basic tillage treatments and biologization of agriculture

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-4-002

The article presents the results of studying the influence of various soil cultivation systems on the productivity of winter wheat when grown on podzolized chernozem in the Ryazan region using mineral fertilizers and biologization agents. The studies were conducted in 2013-2016 at the Institute of Seed A – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Center for VIM. The highest productivity of winter wheat was obtained in variant No 3 with combined treatments (77.9 centners of feed units/ha without protection and 82.6 centners of feed units/ha with protection, and in variant No 4 with plowing with a two-tier plow: 76.4 centners of feed units/ha without protection and 79.8 centners of feed units/ha with protection. The highest quality grain was obtained in these variants. Without chemicals, the protein content was 11.5-11.3%, respectively, and the gluten content was 32.8-32.9%; with chemicals, it was 11.9-12.9%, respectively, and the gluten content was 33.5-34.0%. Also, the highest yield was obtained in these variants: without protection – 4.96 and 5.07 t/ha, with protection – 5.17 and 5.36 t/ha. The accumulation of carbon dioxide in the crop rotation link was directly dependent on crop productivity. The release of CO₂ from the soil in variant No 3 was 304.4 and 332.2 mg CO₂/m₂ х hour without protection and with protection, respectively, 270.9 and 340.6 mg CO₂/m₂ x hour without protection and with protection, respectively.

Keywords: basic tillage treatment, biological activity, nitrate activity, winter wheat, productivity, product quality.

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SOIL PROPERTIES

Nazarova I.V., Dammer V.A., Goncharova E.M. (agrohim_22_1@mail.ru)

Acidity of arable soils of the Altai territory and measures to restore fertility

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-4-003

This article presents the results of agrochemical monitoring of one of the main indicators of soil fertility – the degree of acidity, conducted by the agrochemical service of the Altai Territory over the past 60 years. In the period from 1965 to 2023, there was a constant increase in the area of acidic soils. The proportion of acidic soils increased from 8.3% in the first cycle of the study to 29.1% in the seventh cycle. More acidic soils were found in the foothills of the Altai, in particular in the Prisalair and Biysk-Chumysh zones. Based on the analysis of the monitoring results, scientifically justified amounts of work on liming acidic soils in the Altai Territory have been calculated. According to geological exploration, reserves of limestone suitable for liming of acidic soils in the Altai Territory amount to more than 400 million tons. These reserves are more than enough to bring all acidic soils of the Altai Territory to a neutral state and thereby significantly increase the yield of agricultural crops. But to implement this, a regional program is needed.

Keywords: soil fertility, degree of acidity, liming.

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Zakharova O.G., Chevychelov A.P. (olya.choma@mail.ru)

Changes in the phosphate state of permafrost meadow-chernozem soils of the Central Yakutia when they are tinned

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-4-004

Changes in the physico-chemical properties and phosphate state of old-arable permafrost meadow-chernozem soils under the influence of tinning in the cryoarid territory of Central Yakutia were studied for the first time. It is shown that as a result of 9 years of tilling of the studied soils with an adaptive non-irrigated alfalfa-stalk grass mixture consisting of zoned varieties of perennial grasses, the chemical properties and phosphate state of the surface humus horizons of these permafrost soils have changed to the greatest extent. Thus, the content of humus and total nitrogen increased here, respectively, from 3,9 to 11,0% and from 0,027 to 0,082%, or 2,8 and 3,0 times. The amount of total and organic phosphorus increased to a lesser extent, respectively from 1230 to 1490 and from 515 to 961 mg/kg, or by 1,2 and 1,9 times. At the same time, the fractional composition of mineral phosphates of the studied soils also changed, that is, the weighted average contents of iron phosphates and calcium phosphates, when the amount of Fe-P decreased from 62 to 12 mg/kg or 5,2 times, and that Ca-P increased from 96 to 161 mg/kg or increased in 1,7 times.

Keywords: phytomelioration, permafrost soils, composition, properties, phosphate state, transformation.

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Kaipov Ya.Z., Kiraev R.S., Sultangazin Z.R. (akaipov@mail.ru)

Influence of biologized crop rotation on content of humus and available nitrogen forms in typical chernozem

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-4-005

The purpose of the studies is to study the dynamics of changes in humus and mobile compounds of soil nitrogen in biologically cultivated crop rotation in the arid steppe. The place of field experiments is the Baymak scientific division of the Bashkir Scientific-Research Institute of Agriculture, located in the Trans-Ural steppe within the Southern Urals. The soil is common chernozem. Against the intensive background of nutrition with the use of post-harvest straw and the introduction of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer N₃₀P₂₀ in grain-vapor and biologized crop rotations by the fifth year of their development, a balance of total humus is established close to zero (0.0 and +0.2%) and positive (+0.8 and +1.0%). But on the background with the exception of fertilizers, the balance of humus becomes negative. However, the least loss of humus is observed in the biologized crop rotation. The balance in both crop rotations and on all food backgrounds develops positively. Biologized crop rotation contributed to a significant increase in mobile forms of nitrogen in the soil. At the same time, nitrate nitrogen increased more strongly compared to easily hydrolysable nitrogen. The increase in N-NO₃ in the biologized crop rotation over the grain-pair crop rotation is 18-34%.

Keywords: biologized crop rotation, arid steppe, common chernozem, general humus, labile humus, mobile nitrogen.

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Kuznetsov V.K., Knyazeva E.P., Grunskaya V.P., Krechetnikova E.O., Krechetnikov V.V. (vkkuzn@yandex.ru, tniish@mail.ru)

Comparative assessment of 137Cs migration on dry and waterlogged forage lands of the Tula region

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-4-006

The results of long-term field research on the study of migration parameters and dynamics of accumulation of ¹³⁷Cs in the grass of dry and waterlogged forage lands of the Tula region are presented. The active vertical and horizontal migration of ¹³⁷Cs in various agricultural landscapes has been established and a comparative assessment of the distribution of ¹³⁷Cs in automorphic and waterlogged soils has been given. The maximum contamination densities of ¹³⁷Cs in the bottoms of the beams were revealed, the values of which are more than 4 times higher than the corresponding values in the dry areas. The accumulation of radionuclides in the grass is determined by a complex of factors, including geomorphological features of the territory, soil cover, hydrological regime and species composition of vegetation.

Keywords: radionuclides migration, agrolandscapes, ¹³⁷Cs, soils, forage lands, protective measures.

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Makarov O.A., Karpova D.V., Abdulkhanova D.R., Chekin M.R., Belyaeva M.V., Klochkov N.R., Krasilnikova V.S. (oa_makarov@mail.ru, nrkruychkov@gmail.com, zenafelekca@gmail.com)

Time aspect of ecological-economic assessment of land degradation

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-4-007

Assessment of the dynamics of soil and land degradation processes in the Volgograd, Belgorod, Kaliningrad, Vladimir, Samara and Penza regions of the Russian Federation is presented. In general, a positive trend in changes in the state of land resources (a decrease in the scale of manifestation of degradation processes in soils and lands in the present, a favorable forecast for the implementation of reclamation measures in the future) was established for the Volgograd and Samara regions. For the Belgorod region, there is a contradictory picture of the development of degradation processes: a significant amount of damage in the present with a weak development of degradation processes in the past and a positive forecast for the fight against degradation in the future. An unambiguously negative assessment of changes in the state of land was obtained for the Kaliningrad and Penza regions (high damage and a negative forecast for the future). A negative forecast for the future was established for the Vladimir region with a low amount of damage and a decrease in the share of degraded lands in the past. The result of the research was the development of a multi-temporal scheme for the environmental and economic assessment of soil and land degradation, which includes the calculation of the amount of damage/harm, which makes it possible to assess degradation at a given moment, to determine the index of neutral balance of land degradation, reflecting the development of degradation processes in dynamics, and to assess the cost ratio «inaction» to the cost of «action» in relation to the restoration of degraded lands, demonstrating the prospects for current land use and predicting the profitability of projects to restore the territory.

Keywords: degradation, damage, neutral balance, cost of «inaction», cost of «action», test regions (subjects) of the Russian Federation.

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Prokhorov A.A., Borisov B.A., Efimov O.E., Prokofieva K.D., Kashchenko G.A. (artem.prokhorov.2016@inbox.ru)

Assessment of productivity of upland agroecological group of land using on example of the Krasnodar region

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-4-008

On the example of sites in three districts of the Krasnodar Region, the possibility of using the index method to assess the agroecological potential of land productivity is considered. The data are presented for the plakor agroecological group of lands of the Korenovsky, Novokubansky and Mostovsky districts. Agrochemical assessment of arable soil horizons 0-20 cm was carried out. Using climatic databases CFS (Climate Forecast System) with spatial resolution of 19.2 km/tail and CHIRPS (Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data) with spatial resolution of 4.8 km/tail to calculate agroclimatic parameters. The data were obtained using Google earth engine cloud platform. Seljaninov's hydrothermal wetting coefficient was used to calculate the moisture regime. It was found that for soybean, winter wheat and corn for grain (late maturing varieties/hybrids) in the conditions of the Novokubansky and Korenovsky districts of the Krasnodar Region, provided that the soil parameters were estimated for the plakor agroecological group of soils, the most significant factor limiting the productivity of agrolandscapes is the content of mobile forms of phosphorus in the soil. The relative indices of agroecological optimum (RIAO) for winter wheat varied within the range of 0.527-0.602 units, for soybean and maize – 0.738-0.893 units with a lack of mobile phosphorus in the soil. For the studied sites on the territory of the Mostovsky district RIAO for winter wheat corresponded to the value of 0.348 units, for grain maize and soybean 0.516 and 0.487 units, and it should be noted that the greatest shift from optimal agroecological conditions was due to excessive precipitation. In accordance with this, it should be concluded that agroecological conditions of the Novokubansky and Korenovsky districts are optimal for cultivation of late maturing varieties of soybean and grain maize, while on the territory of the Mostovsky district excessive precipitation reduces the productivity of these crops.

Keywords: fertility, agrolandscape, agroclimatic potential, agroecological assessment of lands, agrochemical assessment of soils.

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EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES

Zavalin A.A., Shmyreva N.Ya., Sokolov O.A. (zavalin.52@mail.ru)

Nitrogen cycle under using of natural carbon sources as fertilizer (studies with ¹⁵N)

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-4-009

The results of a microfield experiment on the study of the activity of mineralization and immobilization processes in soddy-podzolic soil of the Smolensk region and the parameters of the nitrogen cycle of organic fertilizers labeled with ¹⁵N under the influence of various types of natural carbon sources are presented. Carbon in organic matter is the main natural regulator of nitrogen transformation in the soil. Anthropogenic and natural sources of carbon (cereal straw, green manure, plant residues, weed biomass, forest litter) act as a nutrient and energy substrate for microorganisms involved in nitrogen transformation (mineralization-immobilization). It’s established that when natural sources of carbon (wheatgrass, cowgrass, clover) enter the soil, barley's consumption of organic fertilizer nitrogen increases by 4-30% and soil nitrogen by 11-122%; barley consumes the maximum amount of nitrogen when clover biomass is added (by 30% and 122% respectively). Natural carbon sources reduce the immobilization of nitrogen from organic fertilizers by 11-122% and its gaseous losses by 51-62%. At the same time, they increase the stability of agrophytocoenosis by 13% and increased the productivity of barley by 1.9 times (with the addition of clover biomass). The entry of natural carbon sources into the soil reduces the accumulation of protein in barley grain (by 0.2-0.8%). The use of natural carbon sources as the basis for the development of nature-like, environmentally friendly technologies for controlling the flow and cycle of nitrogen in the agroecosystem and obtaining environmentally safe products.

Keywords: nitrogen isotope ¹⁵N, nitrogen cycle and balance, ¹⁵N-labeled organic fertilizers, natural carbon sources, stability, soil nitrogen flows.

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Savchenko O.M., Kopytko Ya.F. (nordfenugreek@gmail.com, yanina@kopytko.ru)

Influence of foliar treatments on accumulation of biologically active compounds in raw material of St. John's Wort

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-4-010

The influence of two-component tank mixtures on growth processes, yield and bioproductivity of St. John's wort variety Zolotodolinsky plants has been studied. The experimental part of the work was carried out in 2021-2023 by setting up laboratory and field experiments. Organic-mineral fertilizers were used in the experiment together with the growth regulator Zircon. The use of binary mixtures of the bioregulator Zircon with microfertilizers Ferovit and Cytovit on vegetative St. John's wort plants had a positive effect on the growth of the aerial part and the yield of raw materials and seeds. The content of total flavonoids in terms of rutin in the flowering phase of St. John's wort was the highest and amounted to 4.13% in the control variant. The use of the plant growth regulator Zircon and microfertilizer Ferovit contributed to a significant increase in the content of hypericin (by 36.5%) and the amount of chlorophylls (by 14.4%) in St. John's wort raw materials compared to the control. Treatment of St. John's wort plants with the Zircon + Cytovit mixture increased the content of hypericin in the raw material by 20.8% compared to the control, and the quantitative indicators of the amount of chlorophylls decrease slightly.

Keywords: St. John's wort, yield, seed germination, flavonoids, hypericin, total chlorophylls.

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Tsygutkin A.S. (asz.ru@mail.ru)

Nutrients content in white lupine grain

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-4-011

The chemical composition of white lupine grain and its parts of three varieties Gamma, Dega and Deter 1, which were cultivated in the Tambov region in 2009-2011, was studied. It has been established that white lupine grain contains 43.85 ± 2.24% crude protein, and in the kernel its amount increases to 49.87 ± 2.64%, the least amount in the seed coat – 9.88 ± 0.49%. When grain is dehulled, the crude protein content can be increased by 6.0%. The crude fat content in the grain was 8.42 ± 0.76%. The largest amount of crude fat was concentrated in the kernel of the seeds and amounted to an average of 10.06 ± 1.07%, in the seed coat – 1.59 ± 0.27%. The crude fiber content in the grain was on average 12.25 ± 0.46%. The seed kernel contained a small amount of crude fiber 2.49 ± 0.35%, most of it was concentrated in the seed coat. The average crude fiber value was 53.64 ± 1.19%. The raw ash content of the grain was 3.94 ± 0.37%. Its greatest amount is concentrated in the seed core and averaged 4.08 ± 0.41%, the seed coat contained less – 3.28 ± 0.12%. The core of a white lupine seed contains more phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, molybdenum, zinc, copper, manganese, cobalt, nickel than its shell, and the shell contains more calcium, sodium, chromium, lead, cadmium, arsenic compared to core. The differences in raw ash content between the core and the shell are due to the fact that the core contains more ash elements. The shell of white lupine serves to protect the seed from external damage, reduces the energy consumption of the seed to accelerate the germination process, and also reduces the risk of negative effects of toxic elements on the seed, concentrating them in the shell. The separation of the lupine grain into a core and a shell during deep processing can be used to increase or decrease the nutrient content. The data obtained are important for use in the production of compound feeds, protein concentrates and for determining standards for the content of nutrients in white lupine grain and its parts as statistical materials when drawing up feeding programs for farm animals, poultry, and fish.

Keywords: white lupine, seed kernel, seed coat, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, crude ash.

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Denisova S.G., Reut A.A. (cvetok79@mail.ru)

On the issue of assessment of adaptation ability of some chrysanthemum varieties

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-4-012

Assessment of environmental plasticity and stability of ten varieties of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × hortorum W. Mill ex L.H. Bailey) from the collection of the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of the Ufa FRC of the RAS is presented, also assessment of growing conditions was given according to the environmental conditions index. It was revealed that out of four years of observations, more favorable conditions developed in 2020. The analysis of adaptability parameters was carried out according to the criterion «projection area of the color spot» according to the method of S. Eberhart and W. Russell as presented by V.A. Zykina and others. According to the methodology, linear regression coefficient and standard deviation were calculated. It is shown that four varieties have high plasticity (linear regression coefficient > 1), six varieties are low plasticity (linear regression coefficient is equal to or close to 0). In terms of environmental stability, all studied varieties are stable and can be recommended for use in further introduction and breeding studies. The methodology of S. Eberhart and W. Russell helps to obtain accurate data to identify and develop the capabilities of perennial ornamental crops under known and controlled growing conditions.

Keywords: Chrysanthemum × hortorum, ecological plasticity, ecological stability, Bashkir Cis-Ural.

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Ruchkina A.V., Ushakov R.N. (nasni91@gmail.com, r.ushakov1971@mail.ru)

Estimation of application of experimental soil-improving mixture base on local natural resources

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-4-013

The results of studies on the use of an experimental soil-improving mixture consisting of phosphate rock, dolomite flour, of cover loam and nitric acid (56%) in a ratio (by weight) of 1 : 0.6 : 1 : 0.8 are presented. Nitric acid was used as a chemoactivator. Nitric acid was introduced twice: the first time (75% of the total amount) into a mixture consisting of phosphate rock and covering loam, the second time (25%) after adding dolomite flour to the initial mixture. The soil of the experimental plot is agro-gray light loamy (humus content in the layer 0-20 cm 2.3%, 20-30 cm – 1.9%). With an increased (0-20 cm) average supply of exchangeable potassium and high content mobile phosphorus, with a slightly acidic reaction of the soil environment. The mixture was applied in spring at rates of 800 and 1600 kg/ha, which is equivalent to N₅₅P₃₀ and N₁₀P₆₀ kg/ha, respectively. Ammonium nitrate and double superphosphate with appropriate doses were used as standard fertilizers. The nitric acid used in the chemical activation of phosphate rock produced a dual effect – it converted part of the phosphorus into a form more accessible for plant nutrition and became a source of nitrate nitrogen, which easily passes into the soil solution. The effectiveness of the experimental mixture rate of 1600 kg/ha, despite the fact that it was inferior to the standard analogue (N₁₁₀P₆₀), is comparable in effectiveness on barley yield at a dose of N₅₅P₃₀ mineral fertilizers. Compared to the control, in the variant with an experimental mixture of 800 and 1600 kg/ha, the increase was 0.8 t/ha. A significant increase in nitrogen, protein, and amino acids in the grain was established.

Keywords: experimental soil-improving fertilizer mixture, agro-gray soil, natural clays, phosphate rock, loam, dolomite.

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Puhalsky J.V., Loskutov S.I., Sitnov V.Yu. (vniipakk55@mail.ru)

Influence of zoohumus on growth, development and quality of lettuce under hydrolight culture conditions

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-4-014

The article presents the results of studying the efficiency of using zoohumus in the conditions of the hydrosphere of protected soil. Zoohumus is a product of secondary processing of the remains of the vital activity of black soldier fly insects (Hermetia illucens) in terms of the content of a balanced complex of biogenic elements, which is not inferior to dry bird droppings. The efficiency of the influence of zoohumus extract on the growth and development, as well as on the quality of the obtained green biomass of leaf lettuce in a model hydroponic experiment is assessed. In the work, the leaf lettuce variety Aficion was used. The plants were grown from seeds for 35 days in two isolated automated growboxes equipped with a bottom flooding system, ventilation and LED lamps of a full (white) spectrum. Mineral wool was used as a substrate. The control option was growing on distilled water. In the variant with the addition of organic matter, 0.1% (1000 ppm) alkaline extract of zoohumus was taken with the pH values adjusted to 7.57. The biochemical analysis showed an increase in the proportion of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, b, carotene, and ascorbic acid in the green biomass of plants when adding organic matter to the medium. The accumulation of the total pool of essential elements in lettuce plants grown using organic matter also increased by 28.2%, which reflects an improvement in the nutritional value of the product. It was found that the use of zoohumus had a positive effect on the morphophysiological and biochemical characteristics of the final crop. From the features of the cation exchange analysis, it can be noted that the nutrient medium based on pure zoohumus can be additionally enriched with potassium salts to increase the K/Mg ion ratio and bring its value closer to the reference solution for hydroponic cultivation of lettuce on herbal raw materials equal to 11.5. In this study it was 4.63.

Keywords: zoohumus, black soldier fly, lettuce, hydrophotoculture, harvest, quality.

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Rakhmanova G.F., Degtyareva I.A. (gulnara_rakhmanova@mail.ru)

Pre-sowing treatment of wheat seeds with tripoli

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-4-015

The effect of silicon-containing tripoli and aqueous tripoli suspension (ATS) in doses of 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg/t on the germination and biometric indicators of spring wheat plants of the Ulyanovskaya-105 variety was assessed. According to experiment 1, where tripoli was used in the form of a suspension, a stimulating effect of AST in a dose of 25 to 100 kg/t on the process of germination of test plant seeds was established. An increase in germination energy to 94.0%, germination rate to 96.0%, sprout and coleoptile length to 12.0 and 3.1 cm, root length to 12.0 cm, and the number of roots to 5.0 pcs. were noted relative to the control. In terms of the overall positive effect on the studied parameters, the AST treatment options at doses of 25 and 100 kg/t predominate. According to experiment 2, where dusting was carried out, the effectiveness of treating seeds with tripoli of fractions 0-30 μm and 30-60 μm in doses of 25 and 50 kg/t was revealed. An increase in germination energy and seed viability by 4.0 and 2.0%, in the length of the sprout and coleoptile by 5.3-18.7% and 2.9-5.9%, in the length and number of roots by up to 7.8% and 25.0% relative to the control, respectively, was established. The most favorable effect on the growth characteristics of spring wheat is exerted by the tripoli fraction 0-30 microns at a dose of 50 kg/t. According to experiment 3, where the seeds were kept for 7 days after dusting, a growth-stimulating effect of tripoli of the 0-30 μm fraction was noted in doses of 25 and 50 kg/t. The length of the sprout increases by 15.2-16.7%, coleoptile by 5.9%, roots by 7.4-8.5%, the number of roots by 25.0% relative to the control. The best option in terms of a set of indicators is the use of tripoli at a dose of 50 kg/t.

Keywords: tripoli, spring wheat, germination energy, seed germination, morphometric indicators.

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REVIEWS

Krylova M.F., Volobueva O.G., Belopukhov S.L., Krylov V.A. (mari-masalova@yandex.ru)

Efficiency of different types of fertilizers in chickpea cultivation technology

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-4-016

The global demand for legumes is steadily growing. Russia is one of the main exporters of chickpeas in the international arena. Despite this, our country has poorly developed agrotechnological aspects of chickpea cultivation, including those affecting the nutrition system of culture. The article presents the features of the use of various types of fertilizers in the cultivation of chickpeas. The results of domestic and foreign research on this issue are summarized. Chickpeas have been shown to be responsive to the application of various fertilizers and growth regulators. Mineral and microbiological fertilizers play a special role in the production process of plants. When developing an effective chickpea nutrition system, it is important to take into account the biological characteristics of the crop, soil and climatic conditions and the technologies used for cultivating crops.

Keywords: chickpeas, productivity, quality, microbiological preparations, mineral fertilizers, biostimulants.

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Pirumova L.N., Milevskaya I.A., Gorelov D.V. (pln@cnshb.ru, sis@cnshb.ru, gdv@cnshb.ru)

Full-text database of the Central scientific agricultural library «Anthropogenic pollution in agriculture» in information support of scientific researches

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-4-017

A full-text database (DB) «Anthropogenic pollution in the agro-industrial complex», covering the chronological period from 1987 to the present has been created on the basis of the Central Scientific Agricultural Library (CSAL) collection. The DB is an electronic thematic collection of documents and is an integral part of the Electronic Scientific Agricultural Library CSAL. The DB was created in the OPAC-Global automated integrated library system (ILS) of the CSAL, industry-wide information retrieval languages were used as linguistic tools: Industry-Specific Rubricator on Agriculture and Food, Information Retrieval Thesaurus on Agriculture and Food, Universal Decimal Classification (UDC), language of bibliographic description – RUSMARC format, keyword language. The DB topics comprise: pollution control; pollution and protection of air, water, land; impact of man-made change of environment on public health; impact of anthropogenic pollution on the state of ecosystems, populations and organisms of plant and animal life; anthropogenic influence on landscape; natural calamities and man-made disasters. Special attention is paid to the issues of contamination of soil, groundwater and other natural environments with radionuclides, heavy metals, pesticide residues, livestock wastes, petroleum and petroleum products, nitrates, etc. The content of the created DB includes scientific and technical, analytical, scientific and practical, methodological, and review documents, including monographs, textbooks, abstracts and articles from Russian and foreign periodicals and ongoing publications. The provision of widely available accumulated information in the DB of full-text electronic publications on issues related to anthropogenic pollution in the agro-industrial complex, over a significant chronological period, will expand the possibilities of in-depth study of the topic by agricultural scientists and specialists, and also will improve the quality of information services for users of the CSAL, create more comfortable conditions for them to receive information, ensuring its delivery to the Desktop without a physical library visit.

Keywords: databases, environmental pollution, Agro-Industrial Complex, anthropogenic factors, man-made pollutants, pesticide residues, heavy metals, petroleum.

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Pavlov V.Yu. (diletant.73@mail.ru)

Assessment of soil conditions influence on the microbial community for reproduction of soil fertility

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-4-018

The paper considers the optimal values of soil parameters in terms of their effect on various functional groups of microorganisms in the soil microbial community, which are involved in ensuring extended reproduction of soil fertility. Based on the analysis of literature sources, it is concluded that the most favorable for the biological activity of soils temperature is +20-25°C, the optimal humidity value for most microbiological processes is in the range of 60-80% PV, the optimal density value for the vital activity of soil microorganisms is 1.1-1.2 g/cm3, the reaction medium is close to pH 7.0. It has been established that the number of most microorganisms increases at a dose of NPK 100-120 kg/ha, however, for the development of the associative nitrogen fixation process, a favorable starting dose of mineral nitrogen is 30-80 kg/ha. The duration of the period of favorable hydrothermal conditions is important for humus formation. In some studies, it has been noted that the humification processes are most pronounced at a C : N ratio in an organic substrate in the range from 30 to 60.

Keywords: soil, microbial community, number of microorganisms, fertility, humus formation.