60TH ANNIVERSSARY OF THE STATE AGROCHEMICAL SERVICE OF RUSSIA

Ovcharenko M.M. (rauna-m@mail.ru)

Soil fertility management and development of State Agrochemical Service over 60 years

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-3-001s

The role and history of the State Agrochemical Service of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia is shown, the tasks of its activities and the results of work on managing soil fertility since 1964 are considered. Materials for studying the indicators of fertility of arable soils, as well as the volume of use of fertilizers and ameliorants, which contributed to an increase in productivity of agricultural crops, are described in detail.

Keywords: soil fertility, State Agrochemical Service, agrochemical, ecological-toxicological, radiological sur- vey, field passports.

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Prudnikov P.V., Ovcharenko M.M. (rauna-m@mail.ru), Pashkovsky A.A., Lelyanova E.N., Panichenko N.L.(agrohim32@mail.ru)

60th anniversary of scientific-industrial agrochemical activity of State Center for Chemicalization and Agricultural Radiology «Bryanskiy»

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-3-002s

An analysis of the state and dynamics of agrochemical, environmental and toxicological indicators of fertility and radiological contamination of agricultural soils in the Bryansk region is presented. Long-term results of agrochemical and anti-radiation measures are presented, and an economic assessment of the use of fertilizers is also given. Over the years of activity of the agrochemical service, data on the dynamics of the structure of agricultural land in the soil cover of the Bryansk region, the content of organic matter, acidity, mobile phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, heavy metals, and pollution density are presented. It has been established that the use of humic organomineral preparations with mineral fertilizers, liming, phosphorite and potassium plating ensures a reduction in the entry of ¹³⁷Cs into agricultural products, the quality of which complies with radiation safety standards.

Keywords: soil fertility, Agrochemical Service, liming, phosphoriting, Gumiton, heavy metals, fertilizers’ efficiency, radiation pollution, the Bryansk region.

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Krasnitsky V.M., Schmidt A.G. (krasnitsky@omsknet.ru)

Assessment of soil fertility in the Omsk region

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-3-003s

The dynamics of changes in fertility indicators in the soils of agricultural land, including arable soils of the Omsk region, in different periods of agricultural production is presented. It is noted that during the period of intensification of agriculture, the state of fertility of arable soils in the Omsk region improved, and some elements were accumulated, and the balance of food elements changed accordingly. The results of ecological and toxicological monitoring at local sites in various natural and climatic zones of the Omsk region are also considered.

Keywords: fertility, humus, phosphorus, balance of elements, ecological and toxicological examination, soils.

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Obushchenko S.V. (agrohim_63@mail.ru)

Content of organic matter, phosphorus and potassium in soils of the Samara region over 60-year period

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-3-004s

The presents the results of six cycles of planned agrochemical surveys of arable lands of the Samara region, carried out by the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Station for Agrochemical Service «Samarskaya» in the period from 1964 to 2022. It has been established that the soil cover of the region is represented by chernozem lands, which occupy about 97.7% of the total arable land area. Having initially a high level of natural fertility, over the years of human economic activity, the soils of the region lost a significant amount of humus, and only during the study period the humus content in the arable horizon decreased by almost 2.0 times from 8.54% to 4.30%. They have an average content of mobile phosphorus in the range of 90.0-100.5 mg/kg and are quite well provided with exchangeable potassium with an average value of its concentration in the root layer of 142.0 mg/kg.

Keywords: humus, soil, phosphorus, potassium, soil fertility, agrochemical inspection, fertilization.

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Anoshkina V.P., Ignatov N.А., Zamotaeva N.А., Prokin V.V. (agrohim_13@mail.ru)

Agrochemical state of soils of the Republic of Mordovia

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-3-005s

Dynamics of the main agrochemical and ecological-toxicological indicators of agricultural lands in the Republic of Mordovia for the IX survey cycles are presented. In recent years, a decrease in the content of available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium in soils has been established. An annual increase in areas occupied by acidic soils due to insufficient liming and the use of high doses of nitrogen fertilizers has been recorded. The content of organic matter and microelements is at the level of the previous survey cycle. An environmental and toxicological examination showed that the content of gross and mobile forms of heavy metals and the residual content of pesticides does not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations. As a result of the radiological examination, no excess of the background values of ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr was detected. A balanced application of fertilizers is necessary to increase yields and improve quality indicators. Liming acidic soils is the most important measure both for increasing the fertility of agricultural land.

Keywords: agrochemical indicators of soil, fertilizers, liming, environmental assessment, pesticides, ¹³⁷Cs, ⁹⁰Sr, microelements, heavy metals.

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Saidov M.M., Molchanova E.M., Novikova G.A., Afanasieva V.V. (agrohim_71_1@mail.ru)

Complex monitoring of soil in agricultural land of the Tula region

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-3-006s

The results of monitoring of agrochemical, ecological-toxicological and radiological indicators of soils of agricultural lands of the Tula region and the history of development of the agrochemical service are presented. A brief description of the soil cover and agro-climatic conditions is shown. The analysis of the current state of the soils of the region in terms of the content of organic matter, mobile phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, the degree of acidity, the availability of trace elements in soils, heavy metal pollution and the density of contamination with cesium-137 was carried out. The dynamics of the use of chemicalization agents and their effect on changes in agrochemical and radiological parameters of soils are traced.

Keywords: agrochemical service, soil fertility, dynamics of weighted average fertility indicators, effectiveness of the use of chemicals, radiation safety.

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Pirozhenko V.V., Miroshnichenko O.N. (agrohim_46_1@mail.ru)

Activity of agrochemical service from the Kursk zonal agrochemical laboratory to State Station for Agrochemical service «Kurskaya»

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-3-007s

The results of long-term research of soil fertility (1964-2024) and the results of industrial and scientific activities are presented. The criterion for the state of soil fertility assessed for 11 cycles based on the content of agrochemical indicators: humus, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, the degree of exchangeable acidity of the soil solution, mobile forms of meso, microelements and heavy metals in chernozems and gray forest soils region, research is being conducted on the quality of feed and chemical types of ameliorants. Soil and foliar diagnostics of winter and spring crops, development of design documentation for liming of acidic soils, as well as monitoring of prices of mineral fertilizers are carried out. The positive effect of environmentally friendly (IV class) microelement preparations of Russian production against the background of mineral fertilizers together with a tank mixture during foliar treatment of plants has been established. Data is being collected and provided to fill the Unified Federal Information System for Agricultural Lands («EFIS ZSN»).

Keywords: soil fertility, agrochemical indicators, microelement preparations, foliar treatment, soil and foliar diagnostics, liming of acidic soils, monitoring of fertilizer prices, collection of dietary supplements.

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Elizariev V.V., Kravchenko T.V., Sireneva N.V. (agrohim_19-3@mail.ru)

History of state agrochemical service formation in the Republic of Khakasiya

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-3-008s

History of Agrochemical Service formation in the Republic of Khakassia for 60 years, since the approval of the Resolution of the USSR Council of Ministers dated 09.04.1964 No 319 «On the organization of the State Agrochemical Service as part of the Ministry of Agriculture» is presented. Staff of State Station for Agrochemical Service «Khakasskaya» successfully copes with the assigned tasks of conducting mass soil, fertilizers and plants analyses, compiling agrochemical cartograms, developing recommendations and plans for the rational use of fertilizers, as well as conducting feed quality analyses, with the issuance of appropriate recommendations to farms.

Keywords: soil-agrochemical inspection, laboratory, soil fertility monitoring.

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Cherkasov E.A., Lobachev D.A., Hisamova K.Ch., Samatov B.K., Kochetkova V.D. (agrohim_73@mail.ru)

Monitoring of soil fertility indicators in the Ulyanovsk region for 60 years of agrochemical service

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-3-009s

Data are presented for monitoring soil fertility indicators based on field experiments and reference plots in the Ulyanovsk region, which made it possible to establish the level of natural fertility in each farm and in the region as a whole. The data obtained help agricultural producers rationally use mineral fertilizers when planning yields, as well as increase their efficiency by applying ameliorants. During the existence of the agrochemical service, there has been an increase in the volume of use of mineral fertilizers, and as a result, an increase in the yield of cultivated crops. The history of the development of the agrochemical service of the Ulyanovsk region over 60 years is shown and a description of the station's service area is given.

Keywords: agrochemical service, fertility monitoring, mineral fertilizers, meliorants, productivity.

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Valetova E.A., Sorokin I.B., Sirotina E.A., Titova G.G. (sastom@mail.ru)

Results of the agrochemical service of the Tomsk region

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-3-010s

The article presents the results of soil fertility monitoring and agrochemical measures for the 60-year period of operation of the State Station for Agrochemical Service «Tomskaya». The data on 8 cycles of agrochemical soil survey are presented, according to which recommendations on the zonal farming system with the results of experiments with fertilizers, ameliorants and biologization have been developed and implemented in production.

Keywords: soil fertility, monitoring, fertilizers, agrochemical investigation, field experiments.

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Fedorova E.A., Velizhanina N.A. (tara_agro@mail.ru, tara_agrohim@mail.ru)

Local monitoring of lands in the North of the Omsk region

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-3-011s

The article is devoted to the analysis of local monitoring of the condition of agricultural lands for the timely identification and prediction of changes in soil fertility. Fertility monitoring is carried out on the main types of soils in the north of the Omsk region. The article presents the results of an agrochemical and ecological-toxicological examination of soils in reference areas.

Keywords: local monitoring, reference site, soil fertility, nutrients, toxic elements.

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Nazarova I.V., Dammer V.A., Goncharova E.M. (agrohim_22_1@mail.ru)

Dynamics of fertility of arable soils in the Altai region

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-3-012s

The results of long-term monitoring of soil fertility in the Altai region, carried out by the agrochemical service for 60 years, are presented. The study revealed that the weighted average humus content in soils fluctuates in the range of 4.6-4.7% over seven observation cycles. Between 1965 and 2023 there was a constant increase in the area of acidic soils. The share of acidic soils increased from 8.3% in I cycle of the study to 28.7%. in VII cycle. A larger number of acidic soils were found in the foothills of Altai, in particular in the Salair and Biysk-Chumysh zones. During the study period, wave-like dynamics of the content of mobile phosphorus in soils was observed. The minimum value of this indicator (137 mg/kg) was recorded in the period from 1972 to 1986, and the maximum value (148 mg/kg) from 1987 to 2001. The content of exchangeable potassium in the soils of the region remained virtually unchanged over the years of study and amounted to 207-222 mg/kg. The soils of the region are characterized by stable levels of microelements, non-hazardous concentrations of heavy metals and a calm radiological background.

Keywords: fertility, humus, phosphorus, potassium, microelements, soil acidity.

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Egorov V.P., Grechishkina Yu.I., Matvienko A.V. (psh@stavhim.ru, lnwg@mail.ru)

Assessment of the intake of arsenic from phosphogypsum neutralized into soil and agricultural products on slightly saline chernozem

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-3-013s

Results on the production experience of introducing phosphogypsum neutralized on slightly saline chernozem in the conditions of the Central Caucasus for 2022-2023 are presented. The average arsenic content in neutralized phosphogypsum (produced by «EuroChem – Belorechenskiye Mineral Fertilizers» LLC) was determined, which amounted to 0.4 mg/kg. Calculation was carried out on the possible intake of arsenic from neutralized phosphogypsum into the soil, which ranged from 0.0003 to 0.0013 mg/kg, depending on the dosage. A decrease in arsenic content in soil layers of 0-20 and 20-40 cm was revealed in all variants with the introduction of neutralized phosphogypsum. The decrease over two years ranged from 0.40 to 2.33 mg/kg, depending on the dose of neutralized phosphogypsum. The exception is the result obtained in the variant with the introduction of 15 t/ha of phosphogypsum in 2022, where the content in the soil did not differ from the control. A strong direct correlation has been revealed between the arsenic content in soil layers 0-20 and 20-40 cm, the coefficient of which in 2022 is 0.76, and in 2023 – 1.00. The arsenic content in winter wheat grain turned out to be 8 times lower than the OPC. The intro- duction of phosphogypsum neutralized with respect to soil and agricultural products contamination with arsenic is significantly lower than the MPC (ODC) and does not pose a threat to the environment and humans.

Keywords: chernozems, brackish soils, arsenic, winter wheat, neutralized phosphogypsum, chemical reclamation, soil gypsum.

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Shatskov A.Y. (agrohim_34_1@mail.ru)

Dynamics of agrochemical indicators of soils of the Volgograd region over 60 years of activity of agrochemical service

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-3-014s

The characteristics of the soil cover and agrochemical conditions of the Volgograd region are given, and an analysis of the state of fertility of agricultural soils for 1965-2023 is presented. A brief history of the formation and development of the agrochemical service of the region is shown.

Keywords: agrochemical monitoring, soil fertility.

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Vakhrameeva T.Yu., Glazyrina E.N., Sukhanova A.A. (agrohim_49@mail.ru)

Agriculture in extreme conditions: experience and results of work of agrochemical service of the Magadan region

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-3-015s

Presents is devoted to the review of activity, development of the Agrochemical Service Station «Magadanskaya» from 1965 to the present. It presents a brief history of establishment, improvement of soil fertility of lands of the Magadan region, as well as digitalization of the results obtained in the course of field work, chemical research, and monitoring of soils of agricultural lands. The purpose of the study was to determine the dynamics of soil fertility indicators of agricultural lands in the Magadan region for 1965-2023. It was established that in the second half of the twentieth century in the Magadan region there was a steady improvement of soil fertility. It was conditioned by large-scale application of mineral and organic fertilizers, as well as chemical ameliorants. As a result, in the late 1980s – early 1990s, when the area of agricultural lands reached its maximum size (39.7-42.4 thousand ha), the average weighted indicator of humus content in arable soils is 8.9%, which belongs to the V gradation group (high content), phosphorus indicator is 18.2-23.7 mg/kg, potassium 16.1-20.7 mg/kg. The comparison of the results of soil survey on the degree of acidity is also given: the number of acidic soils of the region (pH < 5.5) in compare with the initial period decreased to 49.2% (period 2005-2008), and now slowly increases, up to 65.0% in 2023, which is 18.55 thousand hectares. The weighted average content by degree of acidity on arable land is 5.4.

Keywords: agrochemical monitoring, north, soil fertility, humus, mineral fertilizers, yield.

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Vlasova O.A., Eregin A.V., Molchanov S.V., Ryabkov A.V. (agrohim_35@mail.ru)

Payback of mineral fertilizers by increasing grain harvest in the Vologda region

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-3-016s

A comparison of 2 methods for calculating the agronomic payback of mineral fertilizers, at the level of districts of the Vologda region in dependence of soil and climatic zone of grain cultivation is presented. Established that in modern conditions of agricultural production, the most optimal method is the payback calculation, which takes into account the contribution of agrochemical indicators of fertility of soddy-podzolic soil to increase yields in depending on the amount of mineral fertilizers applied.

Keywords: yield, payback of fertilizers, soil fertility, cereals, soddy-podzolic soils.