FERTILIZER AND HARVEST

Novichikhin A.M., Chaikin V.V. (nam45539@yandex.ru)

Agronomic, economic and energy efficiency of mineral fertilizers and agricultural products use in crop rotation in the South-East of the Central chernozem region

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-2-001

The research was carried out in order to determine the effect of the combined use of mineral fertilizers and agricultural products on the indicators of agronomic, economic and energy efficiency in long-term stationary experience during the first rotation of the nine-field grain crop rotation from 2012-2014 to 2019-2021. In the scheme of the experiment, factor A – levels of crop rotation fertilization (UUS) included 4 variants: 1. without fertilizers; 2. UUS 66.7 (slightly fertilized); 3. UUS 133.3 (medium fertilized) and 4. UUS 200 kg of active substance/ha (highly fertilized). Since the start of the experiment, N₀P₀K₀, N₂₀₀P₂₀₀K₂₀₀, N₄₄₀P₃₈₀K₃₈₀ and N₇₂₀P₅₄₀K₅₄₀ have been added to the first-order variants, respectively. Factor B is the twofold non-root treatment of crop rotation crops with agricultural preparations during their growing season. There are five variants in the experiment scheme: 1. control without treatment; 2-5 – various agricultural products. It was found that the agronomic efficiency of the use of mineral fertilizers decreased from 7.20 kg with an increase in UUS grain units/kg of fertilizers at a UUS of 66.7 kg/ha, up to 6.40 kg of grain units/kg of fertilizers at UUS 133.3 kg/ha and up to 5.11 kg of grain units/kg of fertilizers at UUS 200 kg active substance/ha. The agronomic efficiency of the use of agricultural products with an increase in the background of fertilization with mineral fertilizers increased from 333 kg cu/ha on a non-fertilized background to 365 kg active substance/ha on a background of 200 kg/ha. The best economic indicators of crop cultivation in the first rotation were obtained at a UUS of 66.7 kg/ha. The profit from additional products on average per crop rotation amounted to 423 rubles/ha, and the level of profitability of production of additional products was 7.9%. An increase in the UUS to 133.3 kg/ha and further to 200 kg/ha led to a significant increase in the cost of purchasing fertilizers, a decrease in profits and a deterioration in the profitability of the production of additional products. The combination of mineral fertilizers with agricultural products on all fertilization backgrounds improved the economic indicators of crop cultivation. From the point of view of energy efficiency, the use of mineral fertilizers and agricultural products is justified in all variants of the experiment. At the same time, the most attractive variants are those with UUS from 66.7 to 133.3 kg/ha in combination with two-fold non-rooted treatment of crops with agricultural products, preferably in the form of Gumi-20 M bogaty and Polydon Amino Mix.

Keywords: agronomic, economic, energy efficiency, mineral fertilizers, agricultural products, the level of fertilization of crop rotation (UUS).

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Postnikov P.A., Ovchinnikov P.Yu., Borodulina F.A., Danko E.F. (postnikov.ural@mail.ru)

Influence of fertilizers on spring barley yield, chemical composition of grain and straw

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-2-002

In 2016-2020, in the conditions of the Middle Urals, studies were conducted on dark gray forest soil as part of a stationary experiment. The effect of fertilizers on the yield of spring barley and the quality of plant products has been studied in a two-factor experiment: factor A – predecessors; factor B – nutrition background. It was found that the use of mineral fertilizers and their combinations with organic ones increased grain harvest by 1.23-2.11 t/ha relative to the control. The largest increase in yield was noted when sowing grain crops for winter rye, and the smallest – when placing barley on annual grasses, powdered rapeseed.

Keywords: dark gray soil, crop rotation, predecessor, mineral and organic fertilizers, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.

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Shpanev А.M. (ashpanev@mail.ru), Smuk V.V. (vvsmuk@mail.ru), Fesenko M.A.

Efficiency of combined application of mineral fertilizers and plant protection preparations for oat cultivation on soddy-podzolic sandy soils of the Leningrad region

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-2-003

The results of the research demonstrated significant and multidirectional influence of mineral fertilizer on phytosanitary situation in oat crops on soddy-podzolic sandy loam soils of the Leningrad region are presented. Positive changes were related to the decrease in the infestation by Pyrenophora leaf blotch (by 3.7-4.4 times in the tillering phase and by 3.9-9.9 times in the grain filling phase), root rot (by 1.6-2.2 times), stem rust (by 1.6-2.0 times) and the reduction in the number of bird cherry-oat aphid (by 4.7-4.8 times) and English grain aphid (by 1.2-1.4 times). Deterioration of the phytosanitary condition of oat crops under the influence of increasing doses of mineral fertilizers was manifested in increase in the density of weed plants (by 2,1-2,2 times) and their projective cover (by 2.9-3.0 times) that led to the demand for herbicidal treatment. The increasing in weed infestation with annual weed species (by 2.2-2.3 times) under the influence long term application of mineral fertilizer was accompanied by a decrease in the presence of perennials (by 10 times). Lamb’s quarters (raising the density by 3.4-3.9 times), also hemp-nettles (by 7.1-9.1 times) and field pansy (by 2.0-2.4 times) had the positive reaction to the increase in nutrients content in soil, and wild radish had the negative reaction (reduction of the density by 6.4-9.0 times). From the results of the research it follows that the combined use of mineral fertilizers and an integrated plant protection system had a stronger effect on the formation of oat yields (18.2 centner/ha – 109,4%) than each of these factors separately (7.3 centner/ha – 44%, 8.8 centner/ha – 40.9%). The improvement of the nutritional regime of plants (26.4%) was more significant than the phytosanitary condition of crops (17.3%) in the technology of cultivation. The lack of protective measures in a situation of mass reproduction of pests led to zero fertilizer efficiency.

Keywords: oats, pests, phytosanitary conditions, mineral fertilizers, integrated plant protection system, crop formation.

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Safiollin R.R., Lukmanov A.A., Suleymanov S.R., Khismatullin Mars M., Serzhanov I.M., Khismatullin Marsel M. (faik1948@mail.ru, dusai@mail.ru, anaslukmanov@mail.ru, igor.serzhanov@mail.ru, marselmansurovic@mail.ru, rezi-almet@yandex.ru)

Theoretical bases and practical methods for application of Agrobalsam on sunflower crops in soil-climatic conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-2-004

Transition of agricultural formations of the Republic of Tatarstan to biological farming system is being completed. Every year the volumes of application of fertilizer-stimulating compositions, nutrient solutions containing easily digestible amino acids, chelate forms of microfertilizers and various highly effective biological preparations increase. Among them the certified biopreparation Agrobalzam occupies a special place. The research results presented in this paper show the possibility of replacing the chemical fungicide Apron 3 liters/t in pre-sowing seed preparation Agrobalzam 0.5 liters/t. In this case, the saving of money is 620 rubles/ha. The combination of pre-sowing seed preparation of hybrid sunflower Sanmarin 456 with foliar fertilization in the phase of 3-4 pairs of true leaves provides additional receipt of 1 ha of arable land 0.42 tons of oilseed raw material with a crude fat content of 46.3 percent. Estimated value of mineral fertilizers replacement is 42%, money saving increases up to 8.56 thousand rubles/ha.

Keywords: sunflower Sanmarin 456, oilseed raw material, biopreparation, Agrobalzam, field germination, yield, oil content, NPK replacement value, cash savings.

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Gaziev S.A., Mashtakova M.Sh., Gishkaeva L.S. (agrohim_20@mail.ru, lima.gishkaieva.66@mail.ru)

Influence of mineral fertilizers on agrochemical properties of soil and yield of grain crops

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-2-005

Research is presented on the influence of mineral fertilizers on the yield of winter grain crops, as well as on the agrochemical properties and fertility of dark chestnut soils of Zakan Agrofirm LLC. Soil analyzes for humus content in 2012 showed that the soils of this enterprise were low in humus, and in 2023 there was a slight increase in humus content. Research has also revealed that most soils have an average nitrification capacity, i.e. under optimal conditions, soils can accumulate 8-15 mg/kg of nitrate nitrogen. With such a content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil, it is possible to obtain a winter crop yield of up to 18-20 c/ha without the use of mineral fertilizers. More favorable conditions for providing nitrogen nutrition to plants is the presence in soils of two forms of mineral nitrogen: nitrate and ammonia.

Keywords: soil, fertility, fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, soil nitrification possibility, grain crops, harvest.

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Tsareva M.V. (tsarevamariya@mail.ru)

Yield and quality of potato at soddy-podzolic light-loamy soil in dependence of fertilizer system

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-2-006

In the northeastern part of the Republic of Belarus on soddy-podzolic light loamy soil in 2021-2023. Research has been conducted on the effect of using various fertilizer systems on the yield and quality of potatoes. The use of an organomineral fertilizer system (N₇₀Р₇₀К₁₂₀ + 1 t of thermally treated chicken manure per 1 ha) made it possible to obtain a potato yield of 68.6 t/ha with a starch content of 12.5% and a share of marketable tubers of 90%. The payback of fertilizers in terms of yield increase was 49.8 kg/kg, profitability 346%.

Keywords: poultry droppings, dozes, fertilizer system, potato, yield, quality, efficiency.

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Brovarova O.V. (olbrov@mail.ru)

Evaluation of efficiency of humic preparations application as micronutrients and growth stimulants

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-2-007

Results of study of influence of humic preparation application and biological activity of humates from peat as growth-stimulating preparations for agricultural crops. Oats of the Lefty variety and peas of the Alpha vegetable variety were taken as experimental plants. It was established that the use of humic preparations isolated from low-land peat at optimal doses significantly showed biological activity and stimulated the growth and development of plants, namely, contributed to a 1.5-fold increase in germination, an increase in root length and height of plant seedlings. At the same time, the greatest phytoeffect was observed with solutions of humic micronutrients, with a mass fraction of 0.025 and 0.01%. In addition, the use of minimal doses of humic preparations allowed to improve the quality characteristics of plants by 1.5-3,0 times. In addition, humic preparations can be considered as a component of organomineral fertilizers or as a means to increase the effectiveness of organic and mineral fertilizers, as a sorbent that improves mineral metabolism in plants, as well as a growth stimulant. Humic preparations used as an organomineral fertilizer play a major role in increasing the biological activity of the soil, contribute to the enrichment of seeds with macro- and microelements. acting as a growth stimulant. Complex humic fertilizers, which have recently been used in agricultural production, are of great interest.

Keywords: humic preparations, biological activity, phytoeffect, fertilizers, growth stimulant.

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SOIL PROPERTIES

Ivanov D.A., Rublyuk M.V. (2016vniimz-noo@list.ru)

Dynamics of hydrolytic acidity of soils in agricultural landscape

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-2-008

The work examines the problem of the influence of land use methods on soil acidification – one of the main degradation processes in the Non-Chernozem Region. The research was carried out on the basis of long-term (1998-2022) monitoring of hydrolytic acidity in soils of the Tver region at the Gubino ARSRI for ameliorated lands agricultural site, located within a terminal moraine hill. Monitoring was carried out on an agroecological transect – a production area crossing the main landscape positions of the hill and consisting of 10 parallel fields, each of which has an individual history. Acidity determination was carried out in each field at 30 sampling points located 40 m from each other, which made it possible to assess the influence of natural and anthropogenic conditions. Statistical characteristics, dispersion and regression models of the dependence of acidification on a set of anthropogenic factors in various microlandscapes were calculated. It has been established that the nature of soil acidification depends on the characteristics of the natural conditions of the field and the history of its use. In the mode of extensive crop cultivation, soil acidity increases significantly. The combined influence of the structural features of the agricultural landscape and anthropogenic impact determines 40% of the spatial variability in the degree of soil acidification, with an almost equal contribution from both factors. The remaining dispersion is due to variability in the properties of soil cover and topography at the microlevel. Clover-thymothyaceae grass stands of 2 years of use, crops of grain and intermediate crops had an acidifying effect on the soil, young grass stands and annual grasses did not affect this process, and old grass stands (flax and, partly, potatoes) mainly prevented their acidification.

Keywords: hydrolytic acidity, monitoring, agricultural landscape, field history, statistical analysis, the Tver region.

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Titova V.I., Erastova N.V., Volodina E.N., Belousova E.G. (titovavi@yandex.ru, tyurnikova.e@yandex.ru, volod-evgenia@yandex.ru, nve16062000@yandex.ru)

Influence of depth and method of plant residues incorporation into the soil on its microbiological activity

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-2-009

The studies were conducted in two model laboratory-vegetation experiments laid in 2022 and 2023 at the open experimental site of the Department of Agrochemistry and Agroecology of Nizhny Novgorod State Agrotechnological University under the naturally occurring temperature regime of the summer season and support of the moisture regime through irrigation. Influence of the depth of locations and method of embedding winter wheat straw and maize leaf-stalk mass, pre-treated with the biopreparation-destructor Vostok EM-1, on the microbiological activity of dark gray forest heavy loamy soil has been established. The experiments were laid in 15 l containers, soil mass 10 kg, soil sampling period – after 60 and 120 days. Plant residues were placed at a depth of 0-3 cm, without mixing them with soil, or at a depth of 0-10 cm, with mixing during the whole period of composting. It was found that placement of plant residues in the 0-10 cm layer in comparison with surface placement in the 0-3 cm layer leads to an increase in the activity of carbohydrate decomposition, with an excess of invertase activity of the soil of the control variant by 34-100%. At the same time, the ability of soil to the breakdown of fiber in the variant with cereal straw incorporation increases twice, and in the variant with corn residue incorporation – by 56 relative percent. The ability of soil to decompose nitrogen-containing organic compounds under different methods of plant residue incorporation was similar and evaluated as average. The total microbiological activity in the variants with wheat straw and corn leaf-stalk mass application is noticeably higher when they are placed in the soil at the depth of 0-10 cm and is evaluated as high.

Keywords: dark gray forest soil, plant residues of wheat and corn, depth and method of incorporation, soil respiration, invertase, catalase, cellulolytic activity.

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Okorkov V.V., Okorkova L.A., Lebedeva A.E. (okorkovvv@yandex.ru)

Transformation of nitrogen from fertilizers and soil in different climatic conditions at gray forest soils of Opolye

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-2-0010

In a long-term stationary experiment on gray forest soils of the Vladimir Opole, the influence of fertilizers and weather conditions on the dynamics of stocks of mobile forms of nitrogen in the soil and the grain yield of spring wheat Ladya, coming after a busy steam, was studied. Before the germination of spring wheat, the reserves of N-NO₃ in the soil layer of 0-40 cm after liming without the use of fertilizers and the application of only PK fertilizers ranged from 37.6 to 78.7 kg/ha. They increased sharply when applying a dose of N₄₀P₄₀K₄₀ mineral fertilizers and their combination with doses of cattle manure of 40-80 t/ha at average temperatures in May 10.3-10.4°C to 68-146 kg/ha, 13.3°C to 144-218 kg/ha. The same application of N₈₀P₈₀K₈₀ increased their reserves to 133-234 and 182-326 kg/ha, respectively. By the earing phase in wet and moderately humid years, they decreased several times, in an acutely arid year their decrease was observed only when using cattle manure and combined with Р₄₀К₄₀. Fluctuations in N-NH₄ stocks from fertilizer doses, timing and years of observation were lower than N-NO₃. The determining role of N-NO₃ in the direct nitrogen supply of the culture has been established. In the work, the sizes of N-NO₃ formation were calculated for the growing season of spring wheat and during the growing season, differences in the proportion of nitrate nitrogen formation during the growing season from the amount for the growing season with the use of organic fertilizers and NPK mineral fertilizers were established. In the 1st year of operation of cattle manure in conditions of high moisture, it accounted for about 8% of the crop yield variation, moderate – 40%, acute drought – 25%. The relationship between the yield of spring wheat and N-NO₃ reserves before its germination was at a high and very high level.

Keywords: gray forest soils of the Vladimir Opole, spring wheat, fertilizers, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, weather conditions, wheat growing season, grain yield.

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Chetverikova N.S., Surinov A.V. (agrohim_31@mail.ru, surinoff.2012@yandex.ru)

Assessment of modern status of ordinary chernozems of the South-Eastern part of the Belgorod region

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-2-0011

The purpose of the work was to assess the modern agrochemical state of arable ordinary chernozems of the steppe zone of the Central Chernozem region. Research was carried out on the territory of the municipality «Rovensky district», located in the southeast of the Belgorod region. The territory of the district is part of the Central Russian province of steppe chernozems. During the research, it was found that in 2016-2020, the maximum level of application of organic (2.66 t/ha) and mineral (52.2 kg/ha) fertilizers was achieved in the municipality «Rovensky district», which contributed to an increase in the yield of agricultural crops, in particular winter wheat grains up to 3.70 t/ha, spring barley – up to 2.83, corn – up to 4.16 t/ha. Over the period of observations from 1996 to 2020 in arable soils a decrease in the weighted average content of mobile forms of phosphorus and sulfur by 16 and 1.27 mg/kg was established, respectively. At the same time, there was a tendency to increase the content of organic matter (by 0.1%) and a significant increase (by 27.0 mg/kg) in the availability of soils with mobile forms of potassium. According to the results of agrochemical monitoring in 2020, it was established that the average content of ordinary mobile forms Zn, Cu and Co in arable chernozems was 0.33, 0.13, 0.051 mg/kg, respectively, which characterizes these soils as low-endowed with these elements. The content of Mn (14.8 mg/kg) and Mo (0.12 mg/kg) is assessed as medium and B (2.2 mg/kg) as high. The average gross content of Pb, As, Cd and Hg was 11.2, 5.48, 0.35 and 0.023 mg/kg, respectively. No excess of approximate permissible concentrations and maximum permissible concentrations of elements in soils was detected.

Keywords: trace elements, soil organic matter, fertilizers, yields, mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, sulfur, heavy metals, chernozem.

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EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

Yakushev A.V., Khusnetdinova T.I., Glukhova A.A., Boykova Yu.V. (a_yakushev84@mail.ru, alglukhova@yandex.ru)

Search for potential components of biopesticides among bacteria isolated from the intestines of soil invertebrates and their food substrates – potato leaves and leaf litter

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-2-0012

Results of model experiment for detection of potential components of biopesticides are presented. It has been es- tablished that the direction of the antimicrobial activity of bacteria differs among strains isolated from different hab- itats. In particular, strains isolated from the intestines of soil invertebrates are characterized by relatively less antag- onism towards intestinal bacteria than strains isolated from the feed substrate. Producer strains isolated from animal phytophages and their food, leaves of agricultural plants, can be potential components of biopesticides.

Keywords: biopesticides, bacteria, potatoes, invertebrates.

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Smirnova T.I., Shilova O.V., Pavlov M.N., Akimov A.A., Ivanjutina N.N., Drozdov I.A. (tatsmi2013@mail.ru, olya.smirnova.00@list.ru, maxnipav@gmail.com, akimov-agro@yandex.ru, nivanjutina@tvgsha.ru, drozdov-i@mail.ru)

Influence of complexons on chlorophyll content in plants

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-2-0013

Results of laboratory and field experiments, the dependence of the level of chlorophyll content in the leaves of green plants on foliar treatment with solutions of complexons and in seedlings on the presence of complexons in the germination medium are presented. It was found that ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS) at a concentration in the germination medium below 2.0х10^-3 mol/l favors an increase in the chlorophyll content in the seedlings of cereals. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) under similar conditions has the opposite effect on seedlings. During non-root treatment of vegetative cereals, vegetables, greens, industrial crops and medicinal plants with solutions of complexons, it was found that EDDS and iminodisuccinic acid (IDS) at a concentration in the treatment solution not exceeding 1.5х10^-3 mol/l contribute to an increase in the content of chlorophyll, and EDTA, regardless of the concentration in solution and the type of plant, reduces the level of green pigments in the leaves. Iminodiacetic acid (IDA) at a concentration of 7.0х10^-4 mol/l in the treatment solution can have an effect on plants of various species, both increasing and decreasing the chlorophyll content. A more dilute solution of IDA found an effect stimulating the chlorophyll content.

Keywords: chlorophyll, complexons, ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid, iminodisuccinic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, iminodiacetic acid, cereals, vegetables, greens and medicinal crops.

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YOUNG SCIENTISTS RESEARCH

Patrushev V.Yu. (scientific supervisor – Dr.Sci., professor S.V. Makarychev) (vvp0477@yandex.ru)

About regulation of water regime of soddy-podzolic soil under strawberry plantings in conditions of the Altai Priobie

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-2-0014

The results of studying the water regime of the soil during strawberry cultivation are presented. The studied soil is well humusized. The density of the arable layer is 1.12 g/cm³, the underlying soil is 1.21 g/cm³. The wilting humidity (WW) was 13.2 mm, and the lowest moisture capacity (HW) was 65.0 mm. Regular monitoring of the natural moisture content in the profile of soddy-podzolic soil made it possible to determine the deficit of productive moisture and the volume of irrigation water. In the upper 20 cm layer, on June 2, 2021, the amount of available moisture was 25.5 mm, and the deficit turned out to be 23.3 mm, which required irrigation with the calculated norm. Similar irrigation was carried out further, except for those days when there was heavy rainfall. In the summer of 2022, a shortage of available moisture in the 0-20 cm layer was observed during the entire observation period. After a snowless winter, the lack of moisture in the third decade of May before strawberry flowering reached 37.8 mm. The irrigation carried out reduced it, but already on June 1, dehydration amounted to 28.2 mm. The lowest water shortage in the soil took place from the end of June to the beginning of July. A significant amount of water was used on August 4 immediately after harvest. The obtained parameters of natural moisture in the profile of soddy-podzolic soil under strawberry plantations made it possible to determine with sufficient accuracy the shortage of available moisture during the growing season and provide plants with optimal irrigation standards in the summer of 2021-2022.

Keywords: soddy-podzolic soil, strawberries, water regime, moisture content, density, lowest moisture capacity, wilting humidity, irrigation, irrigation rate.

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Korolev P.S. (scientific supervisor – Dr.Sci. E.B. Pashkevich) (petrkorole@googlemail.com)

Research of capsulated urea application for lawns in the Moscow city

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-2-0015

The effect of fractional application of granulated and dissolved urea in water with a single use of capsulated urea on growth and mineral nutrition of lawn grasses in urban conditions was compared. It has been shown that capsulated urea can be considered the most effective fertilizer for lawns. Its use eliminates the need for regular summer fertilizing of lawns. This fertilizer allows to obtain a dense lawn covering and to reduce possible negative impacts on the environment. Granulated urea, applied both when laying new lawns and used as top-dressing, can be considered as an effective nitrogen fertilizer, however, in terms of its efficiency, it is inferior to urea solutions in dry years, which, in urban conditions, is a highly effective but labor-intensive process. All experimentally tested forms of urea and methods of its application had a beneficial effect on plant nutrition with nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium, increasing the content of these macroelements in lawn grasses.

Keywords: granular urea, capsulated urea, lawn grasses, urban conditions.

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Semenova A.I. (scientific supervisor – Dr.Sci. S.A. Shafran) (anastasiya.semenova96@list.ru)

Influence of mobile phosphorous content in soddy-podzolic soil on efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer application for spring wheat

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-2-0016

The data on the effectiveness of the use of nitrogen fertilizers on soddy-podzolic soil with different phosphorus content in a three-year vegetation experiment conducted in 2021-2023 at the Department of Agronomic, Biological Chemistry and Radiology of the Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University are presented. A pattern of changes in the yield of spring wheat of the Trizo variety depending on different doses of nitrogen fertilizers has been revealed.

Keywords: efficiency of fertilizer application, doses of nitrogen fertilizers, phosphorus content in soil, vegetation experiments, spring wheat.

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Panova V.M. (scientific supervisor – Ph.D. V.M. Gerasimova) (VMGerasimova@mephi.ru)

Analysis of agrochemical indicators of arable land of the northern microzone of the Saratov region

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-2-0017

The results of studies of arable land of the Khvalynsky, Balakovsky and Volsky districts in the Saratov region for the content of organic matter and the NPK complex are presented. A small value of macro- and trace elements (iron, copper) in the soil has been established. Recommendations have been proposed in order to preserve soil cover and prevent soil degradation.

Keywords: agro-industrial complex, arable land, anthropogenic load, macro- and microelements, organic substance, the Saratov region.

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HISTORY OF SCIENCE

Zubkova T.A. (dusy.taz@mail.ru)

Theme of harvest in art and role of soil in society

DOI 10.24412/1029-2551-2024-2-0018

It is shown that the harvest and soil fertility accelerated the development of society in the Neolithic period, and their influence extended to social, economic and socio-cultural relations in society. An analysis of the theme of the harvest in art from Ancient agricultural civilizations to the present time showed how man recaptured vital energy from the earth (soil) with the cultivation of food and used it in his development. A model of a new approach is presented for assessing the role of soil in the socio-cultural sphere of society, which takes into account the transition of soil energy with cultivated plants to humans and then through art, the theme of the harvest of wheat, potatoes, cabbage, apples, cucumbers and grapes, returns to it again, influencing on mental and mental activity. The diagram shows that the role of soil in the development of civilization is much broader than traditional ideas about food; it goes beyond agriculture into the social and humanitarian sphere of society. Activation of mass creativity and harvest themes in art will contribute to the formation of environmental consciousness for human survival on planet Earth.

Keywords: harvest, soil fertility, harvest theme in art, wheat, potatoes, apples, cabbage, cucumber, grapes, spiritual sphere of society.