FERTILIZER AND HARVEST

Zheryakov E.V., Semina S.A. (seminapenza@rambler.ru)

Photosynthetic activity and sugar beet yield depending on type of microelement fertilizer

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2022-5-001

The results of the current research during 2019-2021 on the influence of microelement fertilizers on the parameters of photosynthetic activity and the yield of sugar beet root crops in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region were examined and observed. It was found that the average leaf surface area during the growing season in the variants with three-time foliar treatment with microelement fertilizers exceeded the control by 8.1-16.3%, and a greater growth-stimulating effect was noted in the early phases of development. An increase in the total photosynthetic potential was noted during foliar treatment with fertilizers with microelements by 8.3-14.0% with the advantage of using POLYDON BOR, and large relative increases to the control were obtained on the PMC 121 hybrid. The value of the pure productivity of photosynthesis when using microelement fertilizers on crops of hybrids of normal and sugar types increased by 4.6-6.2%, and for the hybrid of the productive type, a decrease in the intensity of the photosynthesis process was revealed. Absolutely from the hybrid genotype, a greater yield increase was obtained with foliar treatment with microelement fertilizers POLYDON BOR and POLYDON MANGANETS – 5.10-7.27 t/ha, which exceeds the control variant by 9.8-17.3%. It should be mentioned that the best responsiveness to foliar treatment with fertilizers was with the hybrid of the sugary type. Foliar treatment with POLYDON MOLYBDENUM in terms of absolute gains was more effective for hybrids of normal and productive types, the gain compared to the variant with water was 4.46-4.51 t/ha.

Keywords: microelements, sugar beet, hybrid, leaf area, photosynthesis, productivity, the Penza region.

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Ivanov A.I., Ivanova Zh.A. (ivanovai2009@yandex.ru)

Efficiency of precision systems for fertilizing grain crops in a reclaimed agricultural landscape

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2022-5-002

Precise fertilizer system as the most important component of precision farming has a high potential for positive action due to the possibility of implementing the principle of differentiated management of the productive process in agrocoenosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of a precise organic-mineral fertilizer system for winter wheat and oats, depending on the principles of differentiation and landscape and ecological conditions of the Leningrad region. Its methodological basis was a two-factor field experiment based on a grain-grass crop rotation, established within the reclaimed sloping agricultural landscape of a gently undulating glaciolacustrine plain on light and medium loamy soddy-podzolic gleyic soils. Factor A (landscape-ecological conditions) included 5 variants of geochemical regimes (from eluvial to accumulative ones); factor B (fertilizer system) included 3 options for precise fertilizer system and the option of uniform application of the calculated dose over the area of the agricultural landscape. It was established that the strong variability of the weather conditions of the Non-Chernozem region largely determined the variability of the preference of crops for certain landscape and ecological conditions. This affected the fertilizer efficiency, which was largely determined by the soil-agrochemical conditions and the water regime of the soil. The organic-mineral fertilizer system had a positive effect on most indicators of crop productivity, increasing the grain yield from 2.43-3.40 to 4.45-5.00 t/ha. The additional agronomic effect of spatial differentiation of fertilizer doses was of a local nature and was relatively low – 7-12% for winter wheat and 5-11% for oats. Wheat preferred variants with differentiated application of organic fertilizers, and oats – of mineral fertilizers.

Keywords: reclaimed agricultural landscape, field crop rotation, winter wheat, oats, organic-mineral fertilizer system, precise fertilizer system, productivity.

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Rabinovich G.Yu., Treshkin I.A. (2016vniimz-noo@list.ru)

Influence of fertilizers with microelement complex on zinc content in soddy-podzolic soil and quality of grain crops

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2022-5-003

The influence of organic (multipurpose compost – KMN) enriched with a complex of microelements (zinc and copper) and mineral fertilizers on the dynamics of zinc in soddy-podzolic light loamy soil, as well as on the formation of grain quality of cultivated crops, was studied. The study of microelement complexes in the «soil – plant» system provides insight into the behavior of zinc, which affects physiological processes in plants. The results of the influence of modified KMN on the content of mobile zinc in the soil are presented. Modified by the microcomplex, KMN provided the maximum (17.9-22.2 mg/kg) gross zinc content during two years of research. It has been shown that the supply of zinc to agricultural crops when applying KMN is 3-5 times higher than from other fertilizers. KMN with introduced microelements (Zn + Cu) made it possible to increase the content of mobile zinc in the soil under spring wheat by 5 times, and total forms by 15%. It was revealed that mineral fertilizers enriched with microelements provide the maximum removal of zinc from products (4.9 g/kg). It has been determined that the quality of the resulting products is directly related to the applied fertilizers. The use of KMN contributed to an increase in the digestible protein content in spring wheat grain by 60-70%, and in oat grain by 8-13%. Due to the introduction of a microelement complex into the KMN, the amount of digestible protein in the grain relative to the control increased to 100% in spring wheat and up to 20% in oats.

Keywords: soddy-podzolic soil, multi-purpose compost, mineral fertilizers, microelements, zinc, copper, mobile and bulk forms of zinc, product quality, digestible protein

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Lapushkin V.M. (lapushkin@rgau-msha.ru), Igraliev F.G., Lapushkina A.A., Torshin S.P., Norov A.M. (ANorov@phosagro.ru), Pagaleshkin D.A., Fedotov P.S., Sokolov V.V., Kochetova I.M., Rybin E.A.

Estimation of slow release NPK-fertilizer efficiency

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2022-5-004

The article presents results of studying efficiency of coated NPK-fertilizers when spring wheat was grown on the soddy-podzolic soil. Coats based on monocalcium phosphate of various thicknesses were used. Studies have shown that the use of coated fertilizers contributed to a higher supply of nitrogen to plants in the most critical period of development – from the tillering phase to booting. The increase in grain yield when applying fertilizer with a coating thickness of 100 microns was 9%, and the nitrogen utilization rate was 10% higher compared to uncoated NPK-fertilizer.

Keywords: coated fertilizers, slow release fertilizers, controlled release fertilizers, monocalcium phosphate, soddy-podzolic soil, spring wheat.

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Podolyak A.G. (alexpodolyak@tut.by), Persikova T.P. (persikova52@rambler.ru)

Efficiency of mineral fertilizers application in cultivation of perennial grasses on peat soils, contaminated by ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2022-5-005

In the Republic of Belarus, it is used to produce feed for 64.6 thousand hectares of hayfields on peat soils with ¹³⁷Cs pollution above 37 kBq/m² (1 Ku/km²). These territories are concentrated in the Gomel (66%), Mogilev (14%) and Brest (14%) regions. In the Gomel region (61%), they are simultaneously contaminated and ⁹⁰Sr above 5.55 kBq/m² (0.15 Ku/km²). Results of research conducted in the Braginskiy district of the Gomel region at dried peat low-weak soil are presented. It was established that in the distant period after the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, it is advisable to expand the area with legume-cereal grass on dried medium and highly cultivated peat soils. When forming 30% of legume grasses in the composition of multicomponent grass mixtures due to fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, 80-90 kg of active substance per one hectare is saved. When cultivating perennial leguminous grasses on peat soils, characterized by very low content of mobile forms of phosphorus (up to 200 mg/kg of soil) and potassium (up to 500 mg/kg of soil), it is recommended to use mineral fertilizers in a dose of N₃₀Р₅₀К₂₀₀, which provides an increase of 170.5 c/ha of green mass in relation to the background CaCO₃ (5 t/ha) and a decrease in ¹³⁷Cs accumulation by 2.2 times, ⁹⁰Sr 1.5 times.

Keywords: ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr, radionuclides, perennial legume-cereal grasses, peat soils, the Republic of Belarus.

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SOIL PROPERTIES

Lednev A.V., Lozhkin A.V. (ugniish@yandex.ru)

Changes of agro-soddy-podzolic soils properties in the Udmurt Republic from 1992 to 2022

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2022-5-006

Based on the data of the monitoring survey of the soil cover of the Udmurt Republic, changes in the morphological and agrochemical parameters of zonal agro-soddy-podzolic soils (albeluvisoils) over a 30-year period were revealed. It has been established that water erosion is the leading factor that determined the changes that occurred in soils. The arable horizon of unwashed agro-soddy-podzolic soils retained a light gray color and a dusty-cloddy structure; the decrease in humus content over the analyzed period was insignificant – by 0.1 abs.% or 4.0 rel.%. The arable layer of slightly washed away agro-soddy-podzolic soils acquired a whitish-light gray color and a lumpy-silty structure, the decrease in humus content over the analyzed period was more significant – by 0.26 abs.% or 11.3 rel.%. The arable layer of moderately eroded varieties of sod-podzolic soils acquired a more brown hue, and the number of blocky aggregates increased. This is due to the addition of the upper part of the illuvial horizon to it, as a result of which its thickness decreased by 5 cm. The decrease in the humus content in the arable layer over a 30-year period is the most significant – by 0.9 abs.% or 31 rel.%. The revealed regularities will make it possible to make a long-term forecast of further changes in the soil cover as a result of their agricultural use in order to develop measures for the fertility reproduction.

Keywords: agro-soddy-podzolic soils, soil monitoring, morphological indicators, agrochemical properties, reference areas.

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Ulanov A.K., Budazhapov L.V., Biltuev A.S. (burnish@inbox.ru)

Long-term dynamics of humus in arid Transbaikalia agrocoenosises

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2022-5-007

Based on the results of four stationary experiments, the change in the humus content of chestnut soil under the influence of various long-term use of arable land and the main links of the farming system is considered. The content of humus in the soil for 29 years increases from a permanent fallow to a four-field alternation of crops in a crop rotation with a significantly high carbon content when planted in a fallow. The ranking of quantitative changes in humus under the influence of tillage (37 years) in the 0-20 cm layer according to the level of reduction is in the series: combined tillage → flat-cutting → moldboard plowing. The content of humus in the soil under the influence of fertilizers (42 years) increases in the series: without fertilizers → complete NPK fertilizer → manure. In the absence of manure, an increase in the humus content of the soil is achieved by cultivating sweet clover in grain-fallow crop rotations for green manure and fodder purposes (28 years). The level of humus content in old arable soils, depending on the use of arable land and agricultural technology, directly depends on the amount of incoming organic matter, and in the trend of its long-term dynamics, all types are distinguished: accumulation-saturating, permanently minimal, equilibrium-balanced and cyclically fluctuating.

Keywords: humus, dynamics, permanent fallow, fallow, crop rotation, sweet clover, tillage, fertilizers.

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Danilova T.N. (danilovatn@yandex.ru)

Influence of water-absorbing polymers on agrochemical properties of soddy-podzolic sandy soil and on yield in field crop rotation

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2022-5-008

The article presents a study of the content of nutrients and the yield of crop rotation, depending on the use of various doses of water-absorbing polymers (100, 200 and 300 kg/ha) of different structural bases to establish the effectiveness of their action and aftereffect. The object of research were hydrogels: Ritin-10 (sodium base) and B-415K (potassium base). The studies were carried out on soddy-podzolic sandy loamy soil of the Agrophysical station of the Menkovsky branch of the AFI (Leningrad region). The experience was laid in 2012 in the grain-grass crop rotation link. It was found that the content of nutrients in the soil, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, was increased in the first year after application, especially in the variants with a high dose (300 kg/ha) of application. In the fourth and fifth years after the effect of hydrogels, a decrease in the content of nitrogen and potassium in the soil and an increase in the content of phosphorus are observed. A positive effect of hydrogels on the yield of crops in a crop rotation was noted. The most effective aftereffect of hydrogels was manifested in the second and third years after the application. In the future, there is a decrease in the prolonged action of both hydrogels. The sodium-based hydrogel performed better. With an increase in the dose of the gel, the yield of crops of the crop rotation increased. Potassium-based hydrogel in the fifth year after application showed a tendency to decrease in yield with an increase in the dose of the gel.

Keywords: hydrogel, nutrients, crop rotation, aftereffect, soddy-podzolic soil, the Leningrad region.

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Prokhorov A.A., Borisov B.A., Efimov O.E. (artem.prokhorov.2016@inbox.ru)

Index evaluation of chernozem degradation degree in the North Caucasian province

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2022-5-009

On the example of soils of the Pre-Caucasian province, the possibility of using the index method to estimate such an integral parameter as the degree of ploughing was considered. The following soil types were considered: typical chernozems (Haplic chernozems), ordinary chernozems (Calcic chernozems) and meadow-chernozems (Gleyic chernozems). A comprehensive assessment of the state indicators of labile organic matter of the studied soils was carried out: the content of light density fraction in aggregates of 2-1 mm, permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), and hot water carbon (HWC). To implement the index approach, cluster diagrams characterizing changes in the humus state of arable soil horizons in agrolandscapes relative to their native counterparts were constructed. Most of the studied soils were classified as of medium ploughing degree.

Keywords: soil organic matter, humus, degree of degradation, soils of the chernozem type of soil formation.

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Ermakov S.Y. (s.ermakov@rgau-msha.ru), Buzylev A.V. (axe@rgau-msha.ru), Zhigaleva Y.S. (zhigaleva@rgau-msha.ru), Ilyushkova E.M. (e.ilyushkova@rgau-msha.ru), Stepanov A.V. (astepanov@rgau-msha.ru), Spuny M.T. (spynu@rgau-msha.ru), Taller E.B. (etallereb@rgau-msha.ru), Tikhonova M.V. (tmv@rgau-msha.ru)

Comparative analysis of physical-chemical and chemical indicators of soddy-podzolic soil of forest ecosystem for 2015 and 2022 years

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2022-5-010

The article considers the dynamics of agrochemical parameters of soddy-podzolic soil of the forest ecosystem located in the north of Moscow, on the territory of the Forest Experimental Station of Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University (RSAU – MTAA) for 2015 and 2022. The studies demonstrated the dependence of the accumulation of substances in the soil under different composition of woody vegetation at the key sites of the research object, dependence on the location of sampling points on different variants of mesorelief. The time distribution of organic matter and NPK complex in the soil was compared with data obtained in 2015 and in 2022.

Keywords: forest ecosystem, organic matter, NPK complex, tree stand composition, soddy-podzolic soil, eco- logical assessment of forest ecosystem, acidity of soil.

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Kozlova N.V., Kerimzade V.V. (kozlovanvagro@yandex.ru)

Soil phosphate status during long-term use and after abolition of mineral fertilizers in tea agrocoenosis of humid subtropics of Russia

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2022-5-011

The research was carried out in a multifactorial field experiment with NPK fertilizers on tea culture (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze), on brown forest acid soils, in humid subtropical conditions of the Black Sea coast of the Russian Federation (Sochi agglomeration). The experiment has been in conservation since 2012 with the complete abolition of fertilizers after 26 years (1986-2011) of their annual application in various doses. The provision of soils of model tea plantations with total content and mobile phosphorus in 2009-2012 and 2020-2022 was compared. Long-term use of phosphorus fertilizers in doses of 60-120-180 kg/ha (in various combinations with NK) led to a 1,5-1,8-fold increase in the total phosphorus content – up to an average of 4700-5200-5850/4000-5000-5450 mg/kg (in layers 0-20/20-40 cm), relative to the native soil under the forest (2900/2700 mg/kg). The amount of mobile phosphorus increased by 7-13 times and reached an average of 620-1120-1210/400-470-850 mg/kg, and its share in the total content increased from 4-5 to 10-14 – 20-22%. The long-term dynamics of phosphorus accumulation and the magnitude of its possible absorption by the studied soils (up to 6000-6500 mg/kg) are presented. 8-10 years after removing the load of fertilizers, the previously achieved gross content did not change significantly, while the content of mobile P₂O₅ decreased by 1,5-2 times, and their share in the gross to 6-9 – 13-15%.

Keywords: brown forest acidic soils, tea agrocoenosis, mineral fertilizers, intensive and extensive cultivation, total content and mobile phosphorus, long-term dynamics, phosphating, aftereffect.

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EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

Eliseeva O.V., Dmitriev L.B., Dmitrieva V.L., Osipova A.V., Bagnavets N.L. (elysol11@yandex.ru)

Analysis of volatile components of Raphanus Sativus L. root crops and Brassica Rapa L. by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2022-5-012

Using the method of gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GLC-MS), the composition of volatile components isolated by steam distillation from turnip roots crops (Brassica rapa L.) of Petrovskaya 1 variety and radish roots crops of the Chinese subspecies (Raphanus sativus subsp. sinensis Sinsk.) of Esmeralda variety was determined. Isothiocyanates, nitriles, thiols and other compounds were found, the qualitative and quantitative composition of which revealed noticeable differences in the root crops of the studied crops. It was found that the turnip roots crops of the Petrovskaya 1 variety have a relatively high content of 3-butenylisothiocyanate (19.82%) and metallocyanide (59.06%). The presence of unsaturated alcohol 3-hexene-1-ol in the amount of 12.44% of the total amount of volatile components, piperitone – 11.35%, benzylisothiocyanate – 10.06% and a sufficiently high content of phenethylisothiocyanate – 43.23% was revealed in the root crops of the Chinese subspecies of the Esmeralda variety.

Keywords: root crops, radish, turnip, GLC-MS, volatile components, isothiocyanates, nitriles, cyanides, thiols.

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Gazizov R.R., Rakhmanova G.F., Degtyareva I.A., Garafutdinova K.R., Safina R.R. (niiaxp2@mail.ru)

Changes in agrochemical indicators of gray forest soil when using silicon-containing agricultural order and organic-mineral fertilizer

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2022-5-013

The results of the application of zeolite and organic-mineral fertilizer (OMU) in doses of 2 and 3 t/ha in the field experiment to change the agrochemical properties of gray forest medium loamy soil and respiratory activity of soil microbiocoenosis are presented. When using zeolite, the acidity significantly decreased to 0.27 units. The decrease in metabolic acidity as a result of the reclamation effect of OMU at a dose of 3 t/ha was up to 0.38 units. There was a significant increase in the amount of absorbed bases in the variant with the use of zeolite – by 1.6 mg-eq/100 g of soil and OMU at a dose of 2 t/ha – by 2 mg-eq/100 g of soil. The use of experimental fertilizers led to an increase in the content of alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen to 42 mg/kg compared to the background. The respiratory activity of microbiocoenosis in the experimental variants increased with the introduction of zeolite, both in pure form and by the aftereffect of mineral fertilizers. The indicator of microbial respiration also increased in the variant with OMU at a dose of 2 t/ha compared to the control. In general, this trend indicates the health of the studied soil.

Keywords: soils, zeolite, organic-mineral fertilizer, fertility, agrochemical indicators, respiratory activity.

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Garafutdinova K.R., Rakhmanova G.F., Gazizov R.R., Safina R.R. (amiliamilka24@gmail.com)

Influence of glauconite on agrochemical characteristics of leached chernozem and yield of agricultural crops

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2022-5-014

The results of five-year field experiments on the application of glauconite at doses of 15 and 20 t/ha on leached chernozem for cultivation of agricultural crop in the Republic of Tatarstan are presented. A positive effect on the agrochemical characteristics of the soil was revealed: a shift in the reaction towards deoxidation by 0.1-0.5 units, a decrease in hydrolytic acidity by 0.1-1.7 meq/100 g of soil, an increase in the amount of absorbed bases by 1.2-5.6 meq/100 g of soil. The content of phosphorus and potassium also changed during the experiment in the direc- tion of increasing by 10-34 and 21-38 mg/kg, respectively. The yield of grain crops increased by 0.6-2.0 t/ha, spring barley became the most responsive to the introduction of glauconite. The yield of sugar beet increased by 7.4-8.3 t/ha, depending on the dose of glauconite.

Keywords: leached chernozem, agrochemical characteristics, glauconite, agricultural crops, yield.

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Uskov I.B. (i.b.uskov@gmail.com), Kononenko O.V. (okveda@mail.ru), Suhanov P.A. (pavel_suhanov@mail.ru), Uskov A.O. (uskovich@gmail.com)

Analysis of methods for assessing soils and assessing land productivity

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2022-5-015

A comparative analysis of the results of soil appraisal and evaluation of land productivity, carried out according to various methods, is proposed for several agricultural enterprises in the Leningrad Region. Agricultural enterprises are located in various agro-climatic regions, their agricultural lands are characterized by soils of various genesis. Soil appraisal is considered as the most objective way (method, approach) for a comparative qualitative assessment of lands. The results of appraisal are the most important component of the information base for the scientifically based organization of agriculture, for the effective management of soil fertility and crop yields. Scientifically substantiated data on soil appraisal provide an objective assessment of the productivity of agricultural land and the agro-resource potential of the regions as a whole. They are also necessary for a fair assessment of the results of economic activity of agricultural producers. In the context of the discussion of issues related to the problems of appraisal, the need for a clear distinction between the concepts of «soil» and «land», «soil fertility» and «land productivity» is noted. The special (determining) role of the humus content in soils in the formation of their bonitet was demonstrated as the main estimated indicator for the soils of the Non-chernozem zone. On the example of specific agricultural enterprises located in different soil and agroclimatic regions of the region, the results of calculating the soil bonitet according to the method of V.A. Semenov – N.L. Blagovidov and according to the method of I.I. Karmanov in comparison with the soil quality and land productivity of the same farms, calculated during the IV round of land assessment in the Leningrad Region.

Keywords: land productivity, soil fertility, humus, bonitation, comparative analysis.

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REVIEW (FRANCE)

Mitrofanov S.V., Serova E.V., Orlova N.V. (smitrofanov@hse.ru)

Analysis of fertilizers application impact on balance of main plant nutrition elements and sustainability of agriculture in France

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2022-5-016

Analysis of the impact of fertilizers application on the balance of macronutrients and the sustainability of agriculture in France is presented. It is established that the balance of the main elements of nutrition is deficient in nature, which is associated with the systematic and balanced use of mineral and organic fertilizers. However, today the French Government is actively pursuing a policy of reducing the use of traditional organic and mineral fertilizers, focusing on the development of sustainable agriculture in order to reduce the negative impact of agrochemicals on the environment.

Keywords: sustainable agriculture, fertilizers, balance of plant nutrition elements.

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HISTORY OF SCIENCE

Naliukhin A.N., Torshin S.P. (sptorshin@rambler.ru)

95th anniversary of agrochemistry in Timiryazevka

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2022-5-017

The article briefly shows the formation and achievements of the Department of Agrochemistry at the Petrovsky Agricultural and Forestry Academy – Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University (RSAU-MTAA). The emergence and development of scientific and pedagogical schools of agrochemistry, biochemistry and radiology of schools is associated with the names of outstanding scientists – D.N. Pryanishnikov, N.Ya. Demyanov, A.G. Shestakov, V.M. Klechkovsky, A.V. Peterburgsky, D.D. Ivanenko, V.V. Rachinsky, P.M. Smirnov, B.P. Pleshkov, B.A. Yagodin and many others. The educational process and scientific research in agrochemistry are currently focused on one department – agronomic, biological chemistry, radiology. The teaching staff of the department continues good traditions laid down over half a century ago.

Keywords: agrochemistry, plant biochemistry, radiology, radioecology, department, Petrovsky Agricultural and Forestry Academy, Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University (RSAU-MTAA), scientific school, professors, teachers, researchers.

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Prokhorova I.I. (agrochem_herald@mail.ru)

Professor of Physical and colloid chemistry department of Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy S.N. Aleshin’s disciple (to 80th anniversary of M.M. Ovcharenko)

DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2022-5-018

The article is dedicated to the anniversary of the famous scientist – agrochemist, soil scientist, ecologist and founder of the National Agrochemical Union thanks to whose activity institutions of Agrochemical service continues their work as part of the Ministry for Agriculture of the Russian Federation, Mikhail Mikhaylovich Ovcharenko. The contribution of M.M. Ovcharenko in the study of physical-chemical soil properties, chemical compound and quality of agricultural plants, also effective technologies of fertilizers application for soil fertility increase and high rate harvesting is shown.

Keywords: Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Agricultural Academy, soil physics and chemistry, agricultural production, fertilizers production and application, governmental and scientific administration, State Agrochemical Service of the Russian Federation.